Veterans The Intricate Journey - 1456 Words

Veterans the Intricate Journey Veterans are the individuals that by practicing their beliefs in freedom, have unintentionally rewritten history. They exist as our dads, moms, uncles, brothers, sisters, and grandfathers. Americans honor these veterans that are willing to offer the ultimate sacrifice in order to honor and protect their country. Yet, society constantly overlook their desire and passion for this country. Veterans Day is the day that society set aside every year to honor those who have served. Veterans submit themselves to a long journey filled with life changing events in order to defend their countries’ values and deserve further appreciation. Several people have forgotten what it means to be a veteran. Most of the younger populace would just say it is putting on a uniform, carrying a gun, and having to shoot at an enemy, nevertheless it is usually more about defending their country and standing up for what is right, even after numerous days of severe and sweaty fighting the enemy with their fellow soldiers dying all around soldiers, until the war is finally over and soldiers gets to return home with the knowledge that other soldiers were not as lucky. This is what it means to be a veteran. A veteran’s glory tends to be underappreciated by the majority of the American people, since they do not understand all the misery and pain that the soldiers endured for it isn’t mentioned in the job description. American people need to do more in order to show respect toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Dark Souls Ost 1417 Words   |  6 PagesOST There was somewhat of a surprise for VGM listeners upon the release of the first trailer for Dark Souls, FromSoftware’s spiritual successor to Demon’s souls. Even before any initial announcement was made, it was easy to recognize the work of veteran freelance composer Motoi Sakuraba, his trademark compositional style being so integral. Known primarily for his virtuosic progressive rock compositions, Dark Souls was to be his first fully orchestral work since the Baroque influenced Infinite UndiscoveryRead MoreIndependent Movies: The Cloud Atlas Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pagescentury world. He meets Meronym, a woman from a dying advanced society. She needs Zachry’s help to reach a communication station and broadcast a message to Earth’s off-world colonies in hopes of finding salvation for her people. 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He is a resourceful young man and a good organizer. NoRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesthey are agreed upon by all the wise men of India. The first Mansion of the Moon is called Alvach. It is begun from the starting point of Aries, through the 12th degree, 51st minute and 26th second of that sign. And the wise men of India will begin journeys and give medicines when the Moon is in this Mansion. You also ought to place [the Moon] in this Mansion for all images you intend to fashion that you might travel on the road and be returned home safely. They also account this sign [Mansion] goodRead MoreSas Case Study9382 Words   |  38 PagesInstitute has one technical support person for every 100 customers. Customer loyalty is inte nse. Like many software companies, SAS Institute sponsors user group meetings. One difference is the loyalty of the users who attend these meetings. 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Analyst Report Free Essays

Business 101 4 November 2011 Analyst Report Part 1: Executive Summary VF Corporation is a multi million-dollar industry that produces and distributes apparels from various brand names. Throughout the past two years VF Corp has performed very well as concluded on its annual report. By looking at the annual report for 2010 it is very clear that VF Corp has performed very well over the past year. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyst Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now The total revenues for 2010 were $482,303 more than the total revenues for 2009. The long-term debt for the company reduces by $2,612 from 2009. With the various brand names that VF Corp has, it is clear that the total revenue will always increase as the demand for those brands increases, which they have been increasing. To add to their brand base VF Corp just recently bought the company Timberland so that too will help increase their earnings. By purchasing another popular name brand VF Corp will have a number of appealing brands that the public is always interested in purchasing. This helps VF Corp in the future because the more brands they purchase, the larger their consumer population will become. By doing so they are also highlighting one of their major goals addressed in their mission statement, which states â€Å"Our goal is to continuously exceed the expectations of our consumers, customers, shareholders and business partners. † Part 2: Company Profile †¢ Ticker symbol: VFC †¢ Mission Statement as it is printed in the Annual Report: We will grow by building leading lifestyle brands that excite consumers around the world. Ours is a perpetually driven culture, focused on constant innovation. Using deep research and insights, we combine the art and science of apparel to create products that excite consumers and brands that inspire loyalty. We responsibly manage the industry’s most efficient and complex supply chain, which spans multiple geographies, product categories and distribution channels. Our goal is to continuously exceed the expectations of our consumers, customers, shareholders and business partners. We help our retail partners win with consistently solid execution and outstanding service. And we continually find ways to improve our performance and generate bottom line results. †¢ Corporate headquarters location: 105 Corporate Center Blvd. Greensboro, NC 27408 †¢ Name of CEO: Eric C. Wiseman †¢ Name of CFO: Robert K. Shearer †¢ Stock classifications (common, preferred, both): Common †¢ Exchange (NYSE, Nasdaq): New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Part 3: Projections: Based on the graph of the stock performance I project that the stock prices will steadily increase in the years to come. During the 2009 recession the stock levels for VF Corp went down but bounced right back up towards the 70’s closer to 2010. Since then the stock levels slowly increased each month and now are at a steady positive increase and I believe that it will continue to increase. Also VF Corp is associated with various clothing and apparel companies and regardless of how serious the economy might decline, people will still go out and buy clothes. VF Corp is also associated with a number of big name brands such as The North Face, Lee, Vans, Timberland, Nautica, Wrangler, Majestic, Jansport, and many other brands. These different brands are very popular these days and their sales are always going up so the overall stocks for VF Corp will continue in a positive slope. [pic] Part 4: Current Events The first article discusses how VF Corp is purchasing â€Å"VF Arvind Brands Private Limited†. This company is responsible for marketing VF Corp’s brands throughout India. This is helpful for VF Corp because it can market its own brands and spread throughout Asia as well. This would allow VF Corp to not only have the final say on how exactly it markets its products but to also choose the locations that they want the products to be marketed at. Overall this purchase will greatly benefit VF Corp right now and in the future as well. The second article discusses how VF Corp is set to buy the brand Timberland. By doing so not only is VF Corp helping increase its profits but Timberland’s as well. Timberland is a famous company that primarily sells boots. This would greatly increase VF Corp’s variety in terms of outdoor wear. By purchasing Timberland VF Corp will also be able to expand oversees as the article stated. Since most of the sales from Timberland occur in China, this would help VF Corp market not only Timberland but many of their other name brands. This purchase will definitely have some very positive results in the future and if more purchases like this are made then VF Corp will increase its earning greatly. Part 5: Recommendations: Based on the information that I’ve gathered about this corporation I strongly suggest that investors should move fast and â€Å"buy† stocks from this company. Using the current ratio I can see that the company’s liquidity levels will be increasing in the years to come and since the economy is slowly recovering it is clear that VF Corp is going to do well in terms of stock sales. The difference between the current ratio of 2010 and 2009 is 0. 14. though this might not seem like a large enough of a number to make a huge difference, in reality it does. The profit margin between the two years has also increased by 1. %. All of this information tells me that VF Corp is a company that you should invest in because the company is only going on a positive direction. Article 1: VF Corporation To Acquire Joint Venture in India Published: November 2, 2011 GREENSBORO, N. C. , BANGALORE, India–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Nov. 2, 2011– VF Corporation (NYSE: VFC), a gl obal leader in branded lifestyle apparel, today announced that its subsidiary, VF Mauritius, has acquired full ownership of VF Arvind Brands Private Limited, a majority-owned joint venture between VF Mauritius and Arvind Limited formed in 2006 to market VF brands in India. Our business in India is strong, and now is the time to assume full ownership,† said Eric C. Wiseman, Chairman, President and CEO of VF Corporation. â€Å"Anchored by our Lee ® and Wrangler ® brands, the Indian market will provide a robust platform for future growth in the Asia-Pacific region. † Aidan O’Meara, President, VF Asia, noted: â€Å"VF is grateful for the contribution Arvind made to the development of a fast-growing and profitable business for our brands in India. VF and Arvind will continue to have a strong working relationship, now and in the future. † O’Meara added that he does not expect any impact to jobs or changes in the day-to-day operations of the business in India. The new name of the wholly owned business in India has not yet been announced. Article 2: VF Corporation to Buy Timberland BY MICHAEL J. DE LA MERCED The VF Corporation agreed on Monday to buy the Timberland Company, the boot maker, for about $2 billion in cash, paying a big premium in an effort to bolster its outdoor clothing offerings. VF, which already owns lines like Wrangler and 7 for All Mankind, will add Timberland to a stable of outdoor brands like the North Face and Eastpak. Eric C. Wiseman, VF’s chairman and chief executive, described the Timberland deal on Monday as a â€Å"transformative† acquisition that will add footwear to his company’s fastest-growing unit. The outdoor and action sports business reported a 14 percent gain in revenue last year, to $3. 2 billion. â€Å"We are confident in our ability to take big brands and make them bigger,† he said during an investor conference call. Still, VF is paying up: Under the terms of the deal, it will pay $43 a share, a more than 40 percent premium to Timberland’s Friday closing price. Founded in Abington, Mass. , in 1952 by the Swartz family, Timberland became synonymous with American work garments and outdoor clothing, particularly with its hard-wearing boots. But the company has faced rising materials costs, with its operating margins falling to just 9 percent last year. It reported a 30 percent drop in first-quarter profits this year. VF executives appeared confident that it could wring profits by improving Timberland’s business performance, primarily by folding it into the apparel giant’s global platform and cutting costs. On an investor call with analysts, VF’s chief financial officer, Bob Shearer, said his company planned to raise its new acquisition’s operating margin to 15 percent, in line with the rest of the conglomerate’s brands. In Timberland, VF also sees an opportunity to expand its presence overseas. Though Timberland’s popularity in the United States surged years ago, the brand remains popular in high-growth markets like China. The company also has a foothold in Japan, where VF is still building out its presence. VF executives expect to reap benefits from the Timberland deal soon after its closing, which is expected in the third quarter this year. Timberland is expected to begin adding to VF’s earnings by 45 cents a share this year and 90 cents next year, excluding acquisition costs. VF plans to keep Timberland based in Stratham, N. H. Members of the Swartz family have agreed to support the deal. The Timberland sale appeared to stoke hopes that other outdoor apparel makers could soon go on the block as well. Among the big gainers was Wolverine World Wide, another maker of rugged work boots, whose shares jumped about 5. 1 percent to $39. 08. Columbia Sportswear, another purveyor of activewear, rose 1. 7 percent to $59. 43. Shares of VF also rose, gaining 10 percent on Monday to $101. 01. Usually, an acquirer’s shares fall after a deal is announced, as shareholders worry about the transaction being overpriced. Shares in Timberland soared 44 percent to $43. 20. Analysts praised the deal, citing VF’s history of integrating brands into its business platform. â€Å"We regard Timberland as a high-quality brand that has been operationally challenged for a number of years,† analysts at Sterne Agee wrote in a research note on Monday. â€Å"We believe that VF has exhibited a strong track record and the capabilities to rectify many of the historical problems. † How to cite Analyst Report, Essay examples

Investor protection and corporate governance - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Roles Of Banking And Financial Laws And Regulations In The Protection Of Investors. Answer: Introduction Money Laundering is a vice that affects not only banking industry but other business and the public at large. Efforts to mitigate this challenge have resulted in various Acts and Regulation. This paper reviews these Acts and Regulation in regards to their effectiveness in tackling this vice. The following discussions highlights some of these Acts and Regulations in terms of pros and cons in their attempts to deal with money laundering in the banking industry. This will help in analyzing the role of banking and financial laws and regulations in protecting investors. Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 On the benefits side, this is a piece of legislation which has the advantage to address organized crime hence protecting the investors. For example, it provides officers with the power of seizing cash as well as recovering assets which sends a warning to the criminals hence guaranteeing protection to investors. Such assets may include cars alongside houses purchased by criminals using the crimes proceeds. [1] Another advantage of POCA is that it directly strikes the major motive for crime thereby deterring offenders, disrupting organized crime as well as showing the public the crime does not pay. This way, investors remain protected as their assets and properties are guarded by disrupting organized crime. Moreover, it is also advantageous that the money recovered and those made through the sale of criminals assets are put back into the projects of the community as well as helping to fund additional investigations. In so doing, investigations into criminal activities are conclusively concluded to ensure that investors are compensated. The POCA is also advantageous because it enables the police to part criminals from their respective money. This has been used by the Cheshire Police to make it even harder for criminals to get their respective hands on their money as well as launder the proceeds of such crimes. [2] This has successfully been done via confiscation orders and forfeiture orders. The POCA has had various benefits: One of the benefits is the removal of the criminal assets from the country which might be utilized to generate additional crime. Another benefit of POCA is that crime is probably to decline as criminal stripped of their corresponding assets risk future confiscations in case they return to their old manners hence protecting investors. Another benefit is that POCA stifles criminal activities as well as sends precise messages to all including criminals that crime does not reward. This has served to discourage criminals from criminal activities hence protecting the investors. POCA also has the benefit of decreasing the iconic status of the crime and criminals. It has also been used effectively by the financial investigators as it allows the police as well as the law enforcement agencies to combat a vast array of criminality like money laundering, terrorism and drug traffickin g amongst others. On the contrary, one of the cons is that the Act has not been able to detect much of the money laundering activities which puts investors at high risks. This means that more proceeds from the crimes have never been confiscated and hence have continued to support terrorism or criminal activities. The Serious Crime Act 2007 The first benefit of the Act is that it has made various radical alterations to English criminal law thereby creating a novel scheme of orders to serious crime prevention which protects in investors from losing their investments. This has had the benefit of increasingly frustrating crime in Northern Ireland and Wales and England which ensures safe environment for investments to prosper. [3] Also, the Act has replaced the ineffective common law crime of the incitement with an effective statutory offence of encouraging/assisting crime. Another advantage is that the Act has effectively made a provision as to disclosure as well as info sharing thereby preventing fraud. Investors can now have access to all information required before deciding whether the project is viable. Also, the abolishment of Assets Recovery Agency has been an advantage because it has created a novel regime for the proceeds of crime recovery. [4] However, the Act undertook radical changes to English Criminal law without first getting to know what actually needs to be changed for its effectiveness thus failing to protect investors from losing their money. For this reason, new scheme of orders to prevention of crime have been established which do not necessarily assist in investors protection. Thus, instead of effectively frustrating crime, money laundering have surged unnoticed. The Terrorism Act 2000 The Act has the advantage because s.41 gives the police the power to arrest as well as detain an individual without charge for up to forty-eight hours in case police suspects the person to be a terrorists. This has the effect of protecting investors because it bars criminals from interfering with the witnesses or investigations. Moreover, it further provides for extension of this period to seven days in case the judge can be persuaded by the police that it remains essential for additional probing. This means that a thorough probe will be undertaken and sends in order that investors can get back their stolen assets. This is advantageous because it is a clear break from the ordinary criminal law whereby the suspect had to be charged with twenty-four hours of detention lest released. [6] The Act, on the contrary, has been ineffective in that it confers controversial powers to the police. This has led to the remarkable instances of alleged abuses as well as legal challenges in both European and British Courts. Thus instead of helping protect the investors, police have abused their powers and focused on wrong criminals hence failing to recover the stolen assets. Moreover, the Act has suffered a setback due to its illegal stop-and-search powers under s.44. This is because the European Court of Human Rights has rule this section illegal. Moreover, sections (2) (b) as well as (e) have suffered criticisms because they fall well beyond the scope of what is often comprehended as the terrorism definition. The Money Laundering Regulation 2007 The Regulation has the pros of effectively re-defining the money laundering as well as money laundering offences. It has further effectively established mechanisms for probing as well as recovering crime proceeds thus giving hope to investors. [7] It further has the advantage because it revises as well as consolidates the requirement for people affected to report suspicion, knowledge and reasonable grounds for suspecting money laundering thus improving the likelihood of timely crime detection before investors lose their money. This Regulation has helped the business and banks as it has required many more of them to usher in procedures that combat money laundering as well as criminal activities which underline them that protect investors. The Regulation has improved combat of money laundering because it has kept pace with the sophisticated ways used by money launders to disguise the funds sources. [8] The Regulation has further ensured that more professions as well as business are bro ught into the regulated sector who must comply with the requirement of the Act and 2007 regulations. In other words, the 2007 Regulation has ensured that the investors affected introduce a range of procedures that guarantee legal requirement responsibilities compliance. [9] The Regulation has increasingly put off a stop to money laundering because it requires stakeholders in the regulated sector to report all transactions which they are suspecting to guard investors. Moreover, through this Regulation the government has emphasized that there is never de minimis boundaries within legislation which imply that very trivial crime proceeds must be reported to the National Crime Act. Another pros of the Regulation is that is the enhanced due diligence. This is because the Regulation requires that enhanced CDD as well as ongoing monitoring be upheld where the client hasnt been met face-to-face; is politically exposed individual; and there remains higher risk to launder money or finance terrorist. Moreover, it is also advantageous because the Regulation requires marginal procedures over and above such applied for ordinary due diligence in such conditions. Moreover, the Regulation has integrated proceeds of any crime in the definition of money laundering. Thus the stakeholders in the regulated sector must report knowledge or suspicion of money laundering based on internal procedures. Another pros of the regulation is that its scope and its application to business activity remains highly risk-based. This is because the Regulation currently applies risk-based criterion to a range of individual provisions. This remains applicable especially to the manner in which the regulated sector undertakes CDD, ongoing monitoring as well as improved DD. Thus, in principle, the risk-based criterion application to such procedures remains appropriate, even where the implication remains that diligence checks in regards to larger instances shall essentially engage more time as well as expense for the regulated sector. The Regulation is thus effective because al entities, irrespective of size, must, inter alia, keep all records for a given period as well as embrace policies alongside procedures on a range of particular matters. [10] Another pros is that CDD requirements established in the Regulations remain highly proportionate response to money laundering threat. In principle, under taking CDD procedures, remains a reasonable precautions against the entitys threat being utilized for money laundering. This is because such procedures remain familiar to accountants alongside other classification of professional adviser expected to undertake Know Your Client measures at the professional relationship outset. Thus, where CDD procedures leads to accountants not taking on such clients involved in criminal activities, it will automatically be fruitful. Another advantage is that CDD procedures remains necessary for enabling practicing accountants to offer a comprehensive as well as professional services to clients. Moreover, this serves the AML interest by placing accountants in position in which they can identify normal as well as usually trends of business behavior, and by extension unusual and abnormal behavior patterns alongside illegal acts. Thus, the CDD procedures undertaken by regulated businesses denote a valuable as well as imperative precaution against the money laundering risk. Thus the regulation has ensure a high level of compliance with CDD requirements. The disadvantage of the Regulation is that whereas it requires that any suspicion for money laundering be reported by those in the regulated sector, there is no guarantee that these reports will be made. Where such reports are not made, the investors are the ones losing as their investment are exposed to more risk. This is because the regulation lacks a clear procedure on how to ensure non-disclosure of every transactions. [11] Another cons is that CDD compliance attracts additional financial costs and in certain instances, where risk linked to relationship is regarded higher, such cost might be substantial. This may make its implementation impossible and hence fail to protect the investors. This is because it could be that such cost of undertaking the CDD shall be so huge that it might surpass the prospective business relationship value whereby the fact of having to carry out risk-based CDD, or improved DD, shall trigger the underlying entity to take into account whether it actually wishes to undertake the work at all. Another cons relates to the position of politically exposed persons (PEPs) as it has caused most uncertainty. There is a need to carry out risk-based criterion during identification. The Financial Service and Markets Act 2000 The first pros of this Act is that it effectively created the Financial Service Authority (FSA). This has served to protect the investors from losing their investments. This is because the authority has had the benefit of regulating insurance, investment business as well as banking thus ensuring compliance which closes the loopholes for laundering money. Moreover, the Act has also created the Financial Ombudsman Service that has effectively resolved disputes as a free courts alternatives. The FOS has ensured that disputes are solved in time so that investors can proceed with their business unhampered. [12] However, the Act has not been able to fully regulate the investment business, banking and insurance leading to higher cases of undetected money laundering hence a risk to investors. Also, the Ombudsman has not been able to hasten the cases resolution in order that can serve as examples of the offenders to send a warning that can bar money laundering. Where it takes more time to resolve these cases, investors might lose due to the effect of time value of money. The Corporate Sentencing Guideline The Guideline has ten effective and 10 clear steps for sentencing which applies to each organization sentenced irrespective of offence dated on or after 2014 October 1. It has helped the Council to achieve a balance between desirability of offering a level of certainty for defendants and prosecutors as to a probably sentence and the requirements for flexibility as offenders mighty differ in size as well as the offences covered entail a vast array of behavior. It has led to effective ways of dealing with offenders in the United Kingdom based on effective penalties borrowed from the US system. [13] It has created incentives for corporate to institute efficient and effective compliance as well as ethics programs thereby decreasing the culpability score of organization in case it is established later that it involved in criminal conduct. It has led to a narrowing of present gap between financial penalties that UK and US have imposed. It has further reinforced the significance of proactiv e compliance as a mitigating factor where one assess culpability and considered when adjusting a sentence. Companies alongside advisers currently have clarity on potential exposure to penalties/fines, compensation as well as confiscations orders alongside precise guidance on the manner cooperation impacts penalties quantum. The cons is that the Guideline has not got rid of criticisms leveled against the UK in certain quarters for its corporate offenders sentencing records as opposed to massive penalties which have been imposed lately in the United States. It remains unlikely that the breathtaking multi-billion dollar fines/penalties shall in the US shall be emulated in the UK in few coming years. This will not bar criminal activities in any near future hence leaving investors exposed to crime. Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II On the positive side, the MiFID II is an effective EU legislation which has regulated firms that provide services to respective clients connected to financial instruments alongside venues for trading such instruments. It has the advantage of improving the functioning of the financial markets with respect to financial crisis as well as strengthening the protection of the investor. Moreover, the MiFID II has extended the requirements of the MiFID in such areas as novel market structure requirements and novel rules on inducement and research. It has transformed the financial industry of Europe by offering greater protection for investors as well as injecting additional transparency into each class of asset. The new rules have further captured virtually each aspect of trading with the European Union hence reaching across financial services industry. It has also led to better audit as well as surveillance trails as the MiFID has a regulatory desire of pushing additional trading away from phone and on to electronic venues. Thus the wave of data is measurable in petabytes which will make institutions to report more info regarding most trades instantly alongside volume and price. It has the advantage of unbundling where firm managers will have to separately budget for trading cost and research. Also, long-term investors now have additional evidence to grill their brokers they do business with hence encouraging fund managers to seek alternative means in market to undertake trades as much as they turned to equity dark pools following initial MiFID. Conversely, one of the major cons of MiFID is that it will require a range of changes in the way business are operated and ran. Thus, some business may find this costly and hence fail to effectively implement it thereby failing to protect investors. This will have a likelihood of inevitable change resistance which may be harmful to the business. Conclusion Based on the discussion of the roles of banking and financial laws and regulations in the protection of investors, it is apparent that these laws and regulation are never obstacles to efficient financial markets. These laws and regulations have served to protect many investors from losing their investments to money laundering. In so doing, the efficiency in the financial markets have surged as investors increasingly feel protected and hence investment in the banking sector. References Bryans, D. "Bitcoin and money laundering: mining for an effective solution."Ind. LJ89 (2014): 441. Colladon, A, F. and Elisa R. "Using social network analysis to prevent money laundering."Expert Systems with Applications67 (2017): 49-58. Cooper, K, A. "A critical examination of the anti-money laundering legislative framework for the prevention of terrorist finance with particular reference to the regulation of alternative remittance systems in the UK." PhD diss., University of Leeds, 2014. Harvey, J and Simon A. "Anti-money laundering policy: A response to the activity of criminals or of agencies?." (2015): 283-307. Helgesson, K, S. and Ulrika M. "Involuntary Public Policy?making by For?Profit Professionals: European Lawyers on Anti?Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing."JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies54, no. 5 (2016): 1216-1232. Huang, J, Y. "Effectiveness of US anti-money laundering regulations and HSBC case study."Journal of Money Laundering Control18, no. 4 (2015): 525-532. La P,R, Florencio L, Andrei S, and Robert Vishny. "Investor protection and corporate governance."Journal of financial economics58, no. 1 (2000): 3-27. Masciandaro, D, ed.Global financial crime: terrorism, money laundering and offshore centres. Taylor Francis, 2017. Mei, De, and Li Z. "Anti-Money Laundering Game between Banking Institutions and Employees in the Progressing CNY Internationalization."Modern Economy6, no. 04 (2015): 490. Pistor, K, Martin R, and Stanislaw G. "Law and finance in transition economies."Economics of transition8, no. 2 (2000): 325-368. Porta, R, L, Florencio L, Andrei S, and Robert W. V. "Law and finance."Journal of political economy106, no. 6 (1998): 1113-1155. Saunders, A, and Marcia M, C.Financial institutions management: A risk management approach. Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 2003. Serhan, C, Sandy M, and Silvana E, W. "Anti-Money Laundering Rules and the Future of Banking Secrecy Laws: Evidence from Lebanon."International Finance and Banking3, no. 2 (2016): 148. Shleifer, A, Robert W. V, Porta, R, and Lopez, F. "Investor protection and corporate governance."Journal of financial economics58, no. 1-2 (2000): 3-27. Usman K, M. "Anti-money laundering regulations and its effectiveness."Journal of Money Laundering Control17, no. 4 (2014): 416-427. [1] Shleifer, A, Robert W. V, Porta, R, and Lopez, F. "Investor protection and corporate governance."Journal of financial economics58, no. 1-2 (2000): 3-27. [2] Bryans, Danton. "Bitcoin and money laundering: mining for an effective solution."Ind. LJ89 (2014): 441. [3] Saunders, A, and Marcia M, C.Financial institutions management: A risk management approach. Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 2003. [4] Cooper, Karen Anne. "A critical examination of the anti-money laundering legislative framework for the prevention of terrorist finance with particular reference to the regulation of alternative remittance systems in the UK." PhD diss., University of Leeds, 2014. [5] Serhan, Carole, Sandy Mikhael, and Silvana El Warrak. "Anti-Money Laundering Rules and the Future of Banking Secrecy Laws: Evidence from Lebanon."International Finance and Banking3, no. 2 (2016): 148. [6] Huang, Jimmy Yicheng. "Effectiveness of US anti-money laundering regulations and HSBC case study."Journal of Money Laundering Control18, no. 4 (2015): 525-532. [7] Usman Kemal, Muhammad. "Anti-money laundering regulations and its effectiveness."Journal of Money Laundering Control17, no. 4 (2014): 416-427. [8] Harvey, Jackie, and Simon Ashton. "Anti-money laundering policy: A response to the activity of criminals or of agencies?." (2015): 283-307. [9] Pistor, K, Martin R, and Stanislaw G. "Law and finance in transition economies."Economics of transition8, no. 2 (2000): 325-368. [10] Masciandaro, Donato, ed.Global financial crime: terrorism, money laundering and offshore centres. Taylor Francis, 2017. [11] Mei, Dexiang, and Li Zhou. "Anti-Money Laundering Game between Banking Institutions and Employees in the Progressing CNY Internationalization."Modern Economy6, no. 04 (2015): 490. [12] Porta, R, L, Florencio L, Andrei S, and Robert W. V. "Law and finance."Journal of political economy106, no. 6 (1998): 1113-1155. [13] Helgesson, Karin Svedberg, and Ulrika Mrth. "Involuntary Public Policy?making by For?Profit Professionals: European Lawyers on Anti?Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing."JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies54, no. 5 (2016): 1216-1232. [14] Colladon, Andrea Fronzetti, and Elisa Remondi. "Using social network analysis to prevent money laundering."Expert Systems with Applications67 (2017): 49-58. [15] La P,R, Florencio L, Andrei S, and Robert Vishny. "Investor protection and corporate governance."Journal of financial economics58, no. 1 (2000): 3-27.

Poetry and Worldly Wealth free essay sample

Andrew Lang describes the truth about money and what it meant to people in the 1800s and 1900s. He uses repetition to clearly explain his ideas. Lang believes that money could either be good or it could be evil, I guess it all depends in how you use it and appreciate it. The people in this poem are priests, soldiers, captains etc. The main idea is about how some and most people only do things for money. The â€Å"Ballad of Worldly Wealth,† is a depiction of how money can bring pride and corruption into our society. The form of this poem is a ballad. A ballads contents include 3 stanzas, at least 8 lines in each stanza, and a refrain (a repeated phrase at the end point of a poem) a refrain in example of the Ballad of Worldly Wealth is â€Å"Youth, and health, and Paradise† The author used artificial imagery to characterize money as both a staple in society, and as the icon of the worlds power and corruption. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry and Worldly Wealth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is several rhetoric patterns found in the poem. The rhyme pattern is an End rhyme. Poems with end rhyme are those whose last word of every line ends with a word that rhymes, for example: â€Å"While the tides shall ebb and (flow); Money maketh Evil (show)† Flow and show are two separate words, however both have rhyming sounds. Also displayed is parallel construction, a sentence, idea or clause that is presented with an opposing idea. In this statement, â€Å"Money moves the merchants all, While the tides shall ebb and flow; Money maketh Evil show, Like the Good, and Truth like lies† it can be seen that the opposition is of that money is what makes the world go round. However money also creates greed, and makes the people see the money as a good thing, when really its all a lie.

How to Use Your Anger to Make a Difference

How to Use Your Anger to Make a Difference I grew up thinking anger was bad. If I ever got angry, my parents would send me to my room and close the door, instructing me not to  come out until I had calmed down. I fairly quickly learned not to express my anger directly. As an adult, I found myself getting angry easily at little things. I would yell at tech support people, but never at people I actually cared about. Sometimes I would express my rage in dreams, waking up feeling somehow cleansed. I often  doubted my sanity because I felt angry so much of the time but did not know how to use it to any advantage. Productive Anger In more recent years, I have learned to express my anger more productively, and my previously pent up anger does not have much power. I’m discovering  that most people can handle it when I express my anger to them! Not a single one  of them has â€Å"sent me to my room.† In fact, many people take action when I express my anger that they might not have taken otherwise. They actually want to satisfy me! Anger can be fuel for a project or a cause. It can lead to career and business success. It can be channeled into creative endeavors or physical challenges. And it can make a difference in relationships. Anger Can Equal Caring This week, I expressed my anger to a friend over the way he was not fighting for himself, and he had a huge revelation about his life and how he can choose a different way of acting and being. I’ve heard it said that anger means you care. We are so quick to express anger to a child who starts crossing the street dangerously – we want to protect that child. But we often hold back when an adult is heading down a destructive path. A scene in the movie Good Will Hunting epitomizes the use of anger to take a stand and make a difference for someone you care about when the person is not fulfilling his or her potential: This is how I want to be with the people in my life. I want to care so much that I will threaten harm if they do not live big. I want to care so much that I order them to get their lives moving in the right direction, even if it’s at my own expense. Who do you know who could be doing more with their lives? Their creativity? Their relationships? Their careers? Are you willing to step up and fight for them so they are inspired to fight for themselves? I hope Ben Affleck gives you the kick in the butt you need.

Bartering system

Bartering system SHOULD ALL THE COUNTRIES HAVE ONE GLOBAL ECONOMY? As we all are well aware that before the money was minted, people followed â€Å"BARTERING SYSTEM†. Slowly, it evolved into the principles of buying and selling with money. As time passed, the world faced Imperialism, where the countries started conquering other countries as their colonies and made them as a source for raw materials. After World War II the Imperialismcame to an end, and a new era of economies emerged. These economies are Capitalism, Socialism and Mixed Economy, and altogether these economies are known as â€Å"GLOBAL ECONOMIES†. Today all the countries of the world are slowly opting to have a global economy. Even though, many countries oppose to adopt one global economy because of its negative impacts on the developing and third world nations, it is obvious that it has shown clear positive effects shifting the economic activities into profitable situations. Besides several criticising allegations agains t having one global economy, yet it still has its good effects in the areas such as all round development of the nation, Unity among nations and increasing political awareness among the countries. The main claim of many countries is that global economy leads to financial exploitation of a country. This criticism is mainly based on the premise that adopting a global economy can destroy the regional economy by means of financial exploitation and financial inequalities. On the contrary, the country which adopts global economy will benefit from equal development and equal distribution of wealth among the countries. Most of the economists of the world agree that having a global economy, the countries will be developed equally. According to a webpage article from economy watch, (nd) states that, â€Å"global economy can have the increasing opportunities of the economies in large scale and by opening up of the economy, the industrial sector will be benefited by achieving cheap labour, c apital and technology.† For example: if one country is self sufficient with the financial resources, then that country can help another developing country in attaining financial resources and free from financial debts and hence there is less scope for financial exploitation. It increases the employment opportunities in large scale and small scale industries. Global economy also helps in transferring sophisticated technology from the developed countries to the developing countries in the fields of agricultural sector to service sector. It also helps in having constant level in the balance of trade among all the countries, which also plays a vital role in increasing the national income and overall development as a whole. Another important claim is that global economy results in instability of unity among the people of the country. This negotiations are mainly depends on the facts on having global economy which exploits the individual economies in the form of inequality, social and cultural differences which result in wars. Yet, most of the countries accept to adopt global economy which will be benefited by equality, social and cultural dialogues. Most of the people agree the conclusion that by adopting the global economy, there will be less scope for wars and unity will be prevailed among the countries. A global economy would also help in promoting international cooperation and peace. If countries are dependent upon one another’s economic success then armed conflict would be less likely. According to businesspme, (nd) â€Å"Both India and Pakistan possess nuclear warheads and they are often in wars over land and territory such as the Kashmir issue. It is likely that these two countries will not use nuclear warheads for against each other. Otherwise it would be complete destruction and leads to the financial crisis†.It also helps in improving good relations and exchange of cultural activities and benefits of the country. It also helps in deve loping bilingual relations between the countries and unity among the people and nations in the form of equality, social and cultural diversity.

Article Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article Summary - Essay Example The bank not just possesses the financial might but also has a brilliant team of experts who have defined bank’s policies from time to time. Nobel laureate like Joseph Stiglit and prominent economists like Lawrence Summers have added to the intellectual capital of the bank. In spite of the major role played by the bank in global development, it’s financial might and the intellectual assets; the bank has been criticized by the Right wing as well as the Left wing for it’s functioning and this criticism is aimed at not just restricting the activities of the bank but has practically challenged the very existence of the bank. Revenue model of the bank involves selling bonds to investors in rich countries and receiving grants for raising the capital. While lending and soft lending to developing and underdeveloped countries complete the revenue model. In 1996, the bank acknowledged that some of the parts of soft lending were unrecoverable. Left wing wanted these debts to be written off by converting them to grants. Twice, in 1996 and 1999 the bank has ceded to these demands and partly written off the loans. However, there is another demand for completely writing off loans of 33 Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCS). It is notable that some countries like Philippines and China have achieved growth from these soft loans and are yet to repay those loans. Writing-off such loans would mean big loss to the bank and reduced resources for future lending. In the past, bad debts of the World Bank had been compensated by the aid from rich countries. Britain still favors the same model. However, the US wants all the debts to be converted into grants. Under the US pressure, the soft loan fund is being converted into grant fund since 2003 and it is forecasted that by 2035, this fund will be reduced to just 10% of its present size. With no new support coming from the rich countries, this

Developing a loyalty program for the online grocery business Assignment

Developing a loyalty program for the online grocery business - Assignment Example A primary study was conducted that refuted much of the psycho-social dimensions associated with loyalty studies. Findings indicated that the primary motivator for enrolment in loyalty programs was price, with no mention of psycho-social characteristics and implications. As such, recommendations founded on the research include rejection of tiered loyalty programs, targeting only relationship-centric promotions to the older consumer demographic, and using short-term pricing incentives. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................ 1.1 Aim............................................................................................................. 1.2 Scope......................................................................................................... 2.0 Literature review........................................................................................ 2.1 The benefit of loyalty programs. ................................................................ ... ............................................................ 4.2 Relating results to theory............................................................................ 5.0 Conclusion.................................................................................................. 6.0 Recommendations...................................................................................... 7.0 References.................................................................................................. Consultant Report 1.0 Introduction This report provides consultant advice on the potential opportunities of implementing a customer loyalty program for the online grocer. Loyalty programs, in some industries, have a direct correlation to repurchase intention that is supported by research studies on the phenomenon of the linkages between consumer behaviour and their utilisation patterns associated with loyalty schemes. There are many implications for the issuer of the loyalty program, both adva ntageous and unfavourable, that include cost and management problems, abandonment strategies in the event of scheme failure, and the ability of the program to alter consumption behaviour. 1.1 Aim The aim of the study is to understand the theoretical versus practice-based underpinnings of loyalty schemes and their relationship to potentially coercing increased repurchase intention with desirable target markets and improving business profitability. 1.2 Scope To fully comprehend the potential success opportunities for launching a loyalty program for the online grocer, the report utilised a blend of secondary research on the phenomenon of consumer loyalty, consumer behaviour, plus control and management of loyalty schemes. Supplementing the aforementioned theory are findings from a primary

Functionalist, conflict and the integrationist theories of education Essay Example for Free

Functionalist, conflict and the integrationist theories of education Essay The functionalist theory looks more into the ways that universal education serves the needs of the society. On the other hand, the conflict theory focuses on the function of education as perpetuating inequality on the social aspect of life and boosting the power of those who are dominant within the society. The interactionist’s theory limits its analysis on education to what happens directly in a classroom setup, as it looks into the teacher’s expectation from the learner and how it affects the learner’s performance, attitude and perception (Rappa 1976). The relationship of each theory to education Functionalist theory; According to this theory, the latent role of education is that it brings people together. In other words it enhances socialization within the society among the different people from diverse cultures, languages, color, age and interests. Through the interactions, people get to learn from one another through the exchange of ideas and views regarding different areas of discussion. The other role of education is that it plays the role of passing down core values and social control within the society. Read more:Â  Functionalist Perspective on Social Institutions The conflict theory experts further insist on getting rid of modern exams, as according to them all tests contain a knowledge base which is always culturally sensitive. On the other hand, the Conflict theorists look at education not as a social benefit or opportunity, but as a powerful means of maintaining power structures and creating a docile work force for capitalism. The interactionists’ theory is relative to education in the sense that a teacher has more influence on the students within a classroom set up; therefore the performance of a student is majorly based on the teacher judgment and effort (Brubacher 1962) The perspective of each theory The functionalists see education as a means of transmitting or perpetuating the core educational values from one generation to another. Additionally, they consider education as an important factor in separating the learners putting the basis of this distinction as merit. The conflict theorists on the other hand see the educational system as perpetuating the status quo by dulling the lower classes into being obedient workers to the higher classes. The interactionists on the other hand, focus on the influence of the expectations of the teacher on the learner’s performance (Rappa 1976) Expectations of education from each theory The functionalists expect that universal education should serve the society by unifying the people within a society, and helping in transmitting the core values of the society. The conflict theorists expect that education will maintain inequality within the society, by preserving the power of those who are dominating the society. The interactionists’ expectations are that the teacher’s anticipation from the students should have an impact on their performance, regardless of its positive or negative nature (Rappa 1976). Comparison The functionalist and conflict theorists concur on that education is a tool to be used for sorting out the different learners. Further, the functionalists argue that schools sort students based on merit, while the conflict theorists argue that schools sort out students along class and tribal lines (Schon, 1983). The conflict theory puts more focus on competition between groups, while the functionalist theorists focus on balance and stability within a social system. Additionally, conflict theorists focus on society as made up of social relations characterized by inequality and change. Functionalism perceives the society as a complex phenomenon or system of interrelated parts working together to maintain the desired stability (Brubacher 1962) Analysis of personal selected philosophy and philosopher Aristotle; His philosophy is education for producing quality citizens who are virtuous. He further put consideration on human nature, habit and reason as the vital forces to be expected from and through education. For instance, he considered repetition to be a key tool towards the development of good habits; from the teacher’s systematic guidance of the different students (Schon, 1983). Aristotle put more weight on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of the subjects taught. Additionally, he argues that the explicitly important subjects include reading, writing and mathematics. Based on the discussion, it can thus be considered that Aristotle’s thinking fits into the ideas of the functionalist theory (Rappa 1976). Conclusion Having discussed the different educational theories, it can be argued that these educational theoretical models are paramount as far as education is concerned, as they bring about an understanding of how different people perceive education. Further, it is through these differences that different people come together and reason towards reaching a solid conclusion, which contributes to an advancement in the field of education because trough discussions new ideas are established. Additionally, these theories help the members of society realize diversity in their thinking and perception of things. References Brubacher, S. (1962). Modem Philosophies of Education. New York: Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Pg 114 Rappa, S. (1976). Education in a Free Society: An American History. Philadelphia: David McKay Company Inc. pp 59 Schon, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner. New York: Basic Books.

The Character of Daisy in Henry James Daisy Miller Essay -- Henry Jam

        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the purpose of Daisy in the novel Daisy Miller by Henry James?   Why did James create such a beguiling and bewildering character?   Since the publication of James's novel in 1878, Daisy has worn several labels, among them "flirt," "innocent," and "American Girl."   Daisy's representation of an American Girl of the late 19th century is evident.   Her free-spiritedness and individuality reflect the social movement of the American middle-class.   The question of Daisy's innocence, however, remains unanswered.   One of the most interesting aspects about Daisy is her distance from the reader.   The reader is not given access to Daisy's inner thoughts or emotions.   Instead, the reader must observe Daisy through the limited perception of her would-be lover, Frederick Winterbourne.   Although Daisy's psyche is a mystery, her relationship with Winterbourne reveals her true purpose in the novel.   Daisy is a failed catalyst, or an agent of cha nge.   She offers Winterbourne spontaneity, freedom and love.   In other words, through daisy, Winterbourne has an opportunity to change.    But Winterbourne rejects her and thus Daisy fails as a catalyst.   Ironically, by rejecting Daisy, Winterbourne fails himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One way in with Daisy fails as an agent of change is that she is a member of the newly rich American middle-class.   Winterbourne, however, is a member of the Europeanized American class who are, as Ian F. A. Bell notes, "only slightly less 'nouveau' (newly rich) than the mercantilist Millers" (Reeve 23).   These Europeanized Americans, aptly represented by Winterbourne's aunt, reject Daisy and her family because they want to retain their higher position on the social ladder.   Ironically, Daisy Miller may have been accepted ... ...ublishers, 1990. Graham, Kenneth.   Henry James:   A Literary Life.    Houndsmills, England:   MacMillan Press Ltd. , 1995. Hocks, Richard A.   Henry James:   A Study of the Short Fiction.   Twayne's Studies in Short Fiction.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1990. James, Henry.   Daisy Miller:   A Study.   The Heath Anthology of American Literature.   3rd ed. Vol. 2 Eds. Paul Lauter and Richard Yarborough.    Boston:   Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998.  Ã‚   452-92. 2 vols. Pollak, Vivian R., ed.   New Essays on Daisy Miller and The Turn of the Screw.   The American Novel Series.   New York:  Ã‚   Cambridge University Press, 1993. Reeve, N. H., ed.   Henry James:   The Shorter Fiction.    Houndsmills, England:   MacMillan Press Ltd., 1997. Scheiber, Andrew J.   "Embedded Narrations of Science and Culture in James's Daisy Miller."   College Literature 21.2   (1994):   75-88.

Elektrobit Corporation Essay

Which of recommendations listed in the Manager’s Toolbox were used by Elektrobit Corp? Explain. Below shows some of recommendations of Manager’s Toolbox were used by Elektrobit Corporation :- (i) Elektrobit has recent arrivals to an area share their experiences with newcomers. To inform to the newcomers about what we experienced during all programmes in Elektrobit Corporation. Newcomers can judges companies achievement based on that experiences that we told to them. From there, we can persude newcomers to join us. Therefore, we can enlarge our business. (ii) Elektrobit employees who accept an international assignment have to sign a contract before they leave that spells out their pay, length of stay, and other details of what is expectedof them. To prevent the occurrence of fraud and breach of trust in the company. By signing contract, we can refer to the agreement if any problems stated on above is occur. Therefore, newcomers in the organization will be more diciplined in doing anytypes work given. So, this contract will be a good guidance in their organization and the company will have a good management. (iii) Elektrobit moves an average of 10 people a year between its global offices, spending about 10,000 annually for each of them on relocation expenses, housing for the employee, and any family that go along. The company make sure employees have whatever they need to start working efficiently on arrival. But it also tries to help them settle into their everyday lives outside work. This can prove that the Elektrobit Corporation is very concerned about the welfare of their workers.

Geographical Importance of Fata

GEOGRAPHICAL IMPORTANCE OF FATA 1. INTRODUCTION The spectacular land in which the Pathans live has had a major effect on their history and their way of life. — J. W. Spain Geography has a significant  position  in making of a nation’s fortune; either in the shape of geo-politics or geo-economics. It can shower blessings or bring curse to the residents of the locality as one can’t change the geography.It is well said that a state’s political system, economic  structure, judicial organization, demographic size and relations with other states can change according to the needs and aspirations of the people but one thing remains constant, and that is â€Å"geography†. If one cannot change the geography of a region but at least can mould its contours. It means that the method of handling is important to invite the blessings or curse of a region’s geographical  location. To testify the above, FATA presents an excellent example. FATA is situa ted on the North-Western side of Pakistan bordering with  Afghanistan.Since the ancient times, FATA has been a testing-ground of the empires’ ambitions to fulfill. Alexander the Great, Chengiz Khan, Taimur the lame, the Mughals, the Turks and the British Empire have touched the Pakistan’s Tribal Lands to pursue their adventures. All of these  political campaigns  have left long-lasting impacts on the fate of tribal people. The land has seen Great Game between the Russian and British Empires in the last two centuries and also a race between the two super powers (US & USSR) in the Cold War era.Now FATA is experiencing another ill-fated adventure of â€Å"War on Terrorism†. The status of FATA and its proximity to Pakistan Afghan border are a serious challenge for Pakistan on a number of levels. Historically, along Afghanistan it has been an arena for imperial competition, a battle ground and a definite invasion route. The area had been a launch pad for the ex ercise of influence in Kashmir, Sub-Continent and Afghanistan. Recently it has been emerged as source of terrorist and criminal activity that threatens Pakistan’s national security.The region due to its geographical location has a geo political and economic significance as it is a potential trade route for economic development of the Central Asian states and for peace and prosperity in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Geo-Political Setting The North West Frontier is not only the frontier of India. It is an international frontier of the first importance from military point of view for the whole empire. Simon Commission The region which includes, â€Å"Afghanistan and the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa has perhaps seen more invasions in the course of history than any other country in the world.    During all this period the plains had been dominated by great powers, the hill tract and tribes continued to value and protect their independence. For centuries, tribal society has persisted in the F ATA, and remained open for numerous invaders out of those the most important are Alexander the Great (356 BC-310/309 BC), the Great Genghis Khan ( 1162 to1227), and Timur Lung (1336 to1405). The people of this region always defended their homeland against all sorts of external aggressions. Over the period of time, this response has made them passionately autonomous.With the exception of Aurangzeb Alamgir, other rulers followed a policy of conciliation desisting from all direct and indirect interference in the internal affairs of the area. In this paper the focus on FATA history will be from the era of British supremacy in the Sub-Continent till todate. 2. THE FATA REGION THROUGH AGES British Supremacy During early 19th century, the British had established their supremacy over the subcontinent except Balochistan, Sindh and the northwest tribal belt. It was the period when Russia was advancing southwards in Central Asia.The British Government in England was perturbed and thought it an â€Å"imminent threat to the security and tranquility† of the Indian Empire and asked the Government of India to checkmate them. Thus began British involvement with NWFP, its tribal belt and Afghanistan. First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-42) It was understood both in London and Calcutta, which was then the headquarters of the East India Company,  that the Amir of Afghanistan was entering into secret negotiations with Russia. Accordingly, in 1838, the Government of India declared war against Afghanistan.Since Ranjit Singh, the ruler of the Punjab would not give passage to the English army through his territory, Auckland, the British Governor-General of India, decided to dispatch his forces through Sindh. In 1839, the British-led Indian Army passed through Sindh and Balochistan and conquered Kandhar and Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan. During the winter of 1841-42, there was a mass uprising against foreign forces and the Indian army comprising twelve thousand soldiers left the city of Kabul along with their followers and marched eastward in the direction of Jalalabad for safety.The tribesmen gradually destroyed the entire Indian forces while on retreat. By January 1842, only one Dr. Brydon was able to reach Jalalabad to narrate the tragic story of the massacre of their comrades. â€Å"A large British-led army had not been wiped out so completely in living memory. † Owing to their terrible defeat in the First Anglo-Afghan War (1838-42) the British had realized that the task of ruling over the tribal territory in NWFP and Afghanistan was beyond their resources in India.Thus they followed the policy of â€Å"close door policy† and their interest in the affairs of the tribal area in NWFP and Afghanistan remained minimal. Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-79) There was a change in British policy after 1876. The encouragement due to increase of British resources owing to the conquest of Sindh (1843) and the Punjab (1849) as well as the concern am ong British strategists in England due to the advance of the Russian armies in Turkestan close to the borders of Afghanistan made them to review their policy. The policy of Disraeli who became the Prime Minister in U.K. in 1874 was to build a strategic line of defense against Russian advance in Central Asia. It was felt that sooner or later the British and the Russian forces would confront each other in Central Asia. This thinking led the British to increase their sphere of influence in Afghanistan. In 1878, when Amir Sher Ali of Afghanistan refused to allow an English envoy at Kabul, Lord Lytton declared war on 20th November 1878 and British troops invaded Afghanistan and Sher Ali ran away and later died. His son Yakub concluded the Treaty of Gandamak on 26 May 1879 agreeing to British terms.The war had encouraged the British to formally occupy most of the tribal belt. It included a permanent advance and control of the famous Khyber Pass but Kurram valley was occupied some years la ter. Withdrawal of British Forces from Durand Line In June 1897, the Waziristan tribes revolted against the British forces. This was followed by an attack by tribes of Malakand against the garrisons in the pass and in Chakdara. By August, Mohmands attacked at Shabqadr, and later Afridi and Orakzai attacked at Tirah and the Khybar post was lost by the British.The Samana forts were attacked and â€Å"the garrison in one case wiped out to a man. † Later Khyber was reoccupied and Khyber Rifles were re-established and new roads and more forts were built. To meet the situation Lord Curzon adopted a policy of â€Å"withdrawal and concentration†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwithdrawal from the advanced posts, employment of the tribal forces for the defense of  the tribal country, concentrations of British forces in British territory as the second line of defense and the improvement of the means of transport and communication.This policy continued up to 1919. Partition of Sub Continent In conjunct ion with the independence of Pakistan and India in 1947, the tribesmen as a whole expressed their popular will to join Pakistan. The tribes were assured a continuation of agreements between tribes and the British Government by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Since then no fundamental change in the administrative, judicial and political policies for the FATA has taken place. Soviet Invasion After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, the FATA came into the limelight.The influx of Afghan refugees, spread of militant culture, continuing civil war in Afghanistan and religious extremism leading to the rise of the Taliban did much to aggravate the situation. By and large it all contributed to an altered ethnic balance, weapons proliferation, inflow of narcotics, hindrance in developmental efforts, deteriorating law and order and de-sanctification of the international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. United States’ InvasionFollowing the United States (US) led invasio n in the Afghanistan in 2002, the tribal areas again came into focus when a large number of foreign militants were found taking refuge in these areas. Since then military operations carried out in the area have bought the lingering problem of the FATA and its integration issues with the national mainstream of Pakistan to the forefront. 3. ADMINISTRATIVE, POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL, EDUCATIONAL, JUDICIAL, AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE TRIBAL AREAS The Constitution of Pakistan introduced in 1973 is the main foundation on which the existing system of governance of the FATA, revolves.This law states that the Federal Government of Pakistan will be the only one to extend authority in the FATA, while the Province will extend their authority to ‘Provincially Administered Tribal Areas, making the FATA to be controlled by the central government. The President therefore is the only one who is in position to give directions to the Governor of a Province where that specific Tribal area is located, who shall under this article will follow the directions of the President. The FATA is divided into two administrative categories.First, the ‘protected areas’ which come directly under control of central government through political appointees/agents. They are vested with judicial powers as well. Second, the ‘non-protected’ areas those are governed through the local tribes indirectly. The troika of Jirga, Political Agent (PA) and FCR of 1901, blends making the administrative and judicial systems in tribal areas. The Governor in a province is the representative of the President of Pakistan, who acts on behalf of the Federal Government and administers the Tribal Areas through the FATA Secretariat.Agriculture forms a sizeable economic activity in the FATA, while the adoptions of age old agriculture systems have left the productivity of this important commodity for the local below subsistence level. Besides agriculture, the holding and growing of the livestock i s also an importance economical activity in the FATA. However due to the adoption of non-scientific methods of animal husbandry, desired output is not achieved. A few areas in the FATA have timber and other forests.Deforestation, use of valuable timber as fuel, its smuggling to the Afghanistan and degradation of grazing lands due to continuous droughts has resulted in the loss of these income-earning opportunities. The tribal areas, thanks to their terrain configuration, are sought to possess vast deposits of numerous minerals. Because of inadequate geological surveys, the security environments in the FATA and tribal disputes over these perceived ‘minerals rich tracts of land,’ they have yet been explored.This situation has significantly affected the attention of private sector to draw their investment in these areas. The less number of schools, health care facilities, communication infrastructure and allied services do not support any major economic venture, keeping th e area economically underdeveloped. 4. AVAILABILITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN FATA Due to its geography, FATA should not be allowed to be used as a spring-board and launching-pad for the satisfaction of international politics’ stake-holders.Our leadership has to consider a parallel approach of geo-economics with geo-politics. This is a viable solution to improve the living standard in the Tribal belt. Although geo-economics approach is an evolutionary process and takes time, but it has capability to change the fate of the tribal people in the long run. Basic thing for this strategy to be useful in future is the restoration of peace in the region. Then an atmosphere can be created to develop infrastructure and finally to exploit the natural resources of FATA in a right direction.Oil and Gas Reserves Huge reservoirs of oil and gas have been explored in Khyber, North and South Waziristan Agencies. The Oil and Gas Development Corporation (OGDC) should start drilling in FATA, whileà ‚  numbers  of multinational companies have shown keen interest in this region for oil, gas and other minerals exploration. The foreign oil company, Tullow, has obtained a license for the exploration of the reservoirs of oil and gas in the North Waziristan Agency while the oil company of Ireland, MOL, has shown interest in the Khyber agency.Now a suitable environment, consistent effort, due attention and keen interest is needed to speed-up the process of development. In 1996, a British Petroleum Company indicated after a seismic survey that the oil and gas reserves of NWA have the success possibility of 1:3 while these possibilities in Middle East are 1:10. Lime Stone and Coal The geological surveys of 85 per cent of the tribal belt have revealed immense prospects of mineral exploration. Some of them have been already utilized but much yet to be extracted.This not only can engage the local youth with constructive and profit-making activities but can also attract the foreign invest ors which can ultimately be exported. Bajaur Agency has 130 million tons of lime stone reserves while Khyber Agency has 454 million tons of it. Orakzai Agency, Kurram Agency and North Waziristan Agency have 178 million tons reserves of high-level coal. Some work is underway there but is deeply hindered by the elements of militancy and military operations on one hand and lack of scientific know-how and use of modern technology on the other hand. Marble and GraniteThe mines of Marble and Granite are likely to have good potential for growth. And with huge reserves of eminently valued marble including white marble, are in abundance in Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber and NWA alone with a total of 570519 ton reserves. If this industry is given proper government attention and the project designed are properly implemented, they can provide job opportunities to several thousands of individual living here. Gem Stones Like Baluchistan which is hub for natural resources, FATA has also been kept aloof r egarding development for various known unknown reasons.Geologists have indicated that this region is also enriched in availability of venerated and semi venerated gem stones. Emerald and tourmaline are found in the north while garnet and quartz are found in South Waziristan and Bajaur. But due to lack of exploration their reserves have not been properly identified. Gold, Copper and Chromate FATA Development Authority (FDA) is of the view that huge deposits of various minerals like gold, copper, chromate and lot of others are available on 4707 square kilometer area of NWA.After digging 7000 meter deep the surface, the FDA experts reach to conclusion that 36,000 million tons of copper is available in just 16 kilometer area of NWA Boya Shinkai spot. FDA has tested 37,000 samples of natural resources in laboratories. Current price of one ton copper is seven thousand dollars in international market and mountains of NWA have deposits of billions dollars hidden in just 16 kilometer area wh ich if explored can change the fate of most deprived inhabitants of this war ravaged area as well as bring economic stability in country.Natural Forests The natural forests and fruits is a wealth in this regard. Forest area is decreasing day by day by ruthless cutting where there is not an effective law to prevent the practice. Fruit production is also affected because of insurgency, military operations and lack of a permanent water supply. The local people are digging out these minerals by using dangerous means like blasting, on one hand destroy large part of these reserves while on the other this activity inflict irreparable damage to eco-system of the area.No proper, planned and modern system is being used to explore these mineral resources as the Government is still showing no interest in exploration because no industries were set up in the area for raw material as the situation is not favorable for it. The availability of such huge reserves can contribute a lot in economic matu ration of the country. Proper government assistance will not only help the locals regain jobs but would also help in restoring peace and stability.But, extremism and militancy have brought already poor economic and trade activities of the Agency to a standstill, while many traders and businessmen have migrated to other parts of the country because of the fear of being kidnapped for ransom or killed by unknown armed groups. 5. GEOGRAPHICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE TRIBAL AREAS AND GREAT GAME Besides being the one of the most important areas of Pakistan because of its strategic location in proximity with Afghanistan, tribal areas are also one of the most sensitive areas of the World.The War on Terror has further enhanced the importance of the tribal areas significantly. The Tribal Areas have the strategic importance, as these areas can play a significant role of a buffer zone between the turbulent Afghanistan and Pakistan. Of late this importance has been further highlighted in global geopol itics because tribal areas lie between the warm waters of Arabian Sea and the Central Asian countries i. e. Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan etc, which have a very large oil and gas potential.The Central Asian states being land locked, the energy wealth has to be exported by pipelines passing through these areas to Arabian Sea Ports for onward distribution to the world. As the energy control is a key to the global supremacy, the 21sl century power game is destined to be played by the major powers around the potential producers and pipeline routes. Thus the tribal areas located on the rim of Afghanistan border with Pakistan, cannot remain immune to the spill over effects of any socioeconomic or political storms occurring in this strategic triangle. ———————————————— —————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- The New Great Game ————————————————- Whereas the Old Great Game emerged out of strengthening of the Russian empire; the New Great Game arose with its demise. The severe reduction of the stern control Russia had maintained in the region, through the Soviet Union, lead to a power vacuum in the region. Since the independence of the Central Asian states, all the players of the New Great Game are competing to garner individual control and fill this emptiness.The countries that together comprise of Central Asia today include Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. The region as a whole has historically suffered foreign domination, initially under the Ottoman Empire, and most recently being part of the Soviet Regime with Russia pulling the strings. ——————†”—————————- Furthermore, to confirm this conception of a New Great Game, one only needs to look at the reasons that have contributed to the world turning its attention to this region of the globe.The Central Asian Republics derive their importance through two major factors. The region on the whole has continued to have geostrategic value, not only due to its location at the center of the Eurasian landmass, but also due to the political significance of the countries that border Central Asia. Secondly, and possibly a lot more significantly, the region now also has massive economic implications for the whole world. ————————————————- ————————————————- Economic Worth of Central Asian Countries —â €”——————————————-Central Asia, comprising of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and the energy-rich lake called the Caspian Sea, owes its significance to its vast economic potential and its geo-strategic location and is fast becoming an economic center of the world. The region has a strategic location at the crossroads of Asia, Europe, the Persian Gulf, the Middle East, and the Far East; surrounded by some of the fastest growing economies in the world including China, Russia and India who are not only investing in the region but are competing for the leading role.From 2000 to 2009, foreign direct investment flows into Central Asia increased nine folds; while the region’s gross domestic product grew on average by 8. 2% annually. ———————————————â⠂¬â€- The most well endowed state in the Caspian region is Kazakhstan; ranked 6th  in the world in terms of natural resource reserves. Out of 110 elements of the periodic table, 99 were discovered in the bowels of Kazakhstan including oil, gas, uranium, zinc, tungsten, bohrium, silver, lead, chromites, copper, fluorides, molybdenum and gold.Moreover, it has proven oil reserves of 30 billion barrels, highest in the region followed by Azerbaijan which has 7 billion barrels. Turkmenistan has the world’s 4th largest gas reserves at 7. 5 trillion cubic meters while Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan follow close with 2. 41 trillion and 1. 84 trillion cubic meters respectively. Thus, collectively the Caspian region contains about 46 per cent of the world gas resources. ————————————————- ———————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Pakistan as Player in the New Great Game ————————————————-Central Asian region is so important for world politics, the various players involved in this New Great Game are trying to gain a stronger foothold in the area. The six players broadly involved in the game, include the United States, Russia, China, Iran, Turkey, India, and of course Pakistan. The immense interest of Pakistan in the Central Asia Republics stemmed from the economic, geo-strategic, and political benefits these countries could provide to this struggling nation. Trade relations with these landlocked countries had the potential to be the sole solution for Pakistan’s economic problems.With the CARS having an annual potential market of $80 billion, Pakistan could exploit this untapped market to its advantage and improve its balance of payments. Along with cheaper imports, Pakistan could also benefit from transit income, by providing access through the Karakoram Highway, to its neighboring industrial giants: India and China. Similarly, keeping in mind the historical importance of this resource rich region, Pakistan could foresee the centre stage it could acquire in the energy war of the New Great Game by providing the shortest route for the Central Asian counties via Gwadar to the Arabian Sea.This would help Pakistan fulfill its long term energy needs, through projects such as the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) oil and gas pipeline. The 1735 km pipeline faces security challenges because it must cross Afghanistan and FATA. It is estimated to carry one trillion cubic m of gas over a 30 years period, or 33 billion cubic m a year. Furthermore, Pakistan’s electricity needs that are huge burden on its economic life could easily be lifted by access to abundant Kyrgyz hydroelectric power.Thus, favorable trade relations with th e region could result in a significant uplift of Pakistan’s strained economy. ————————————————- ————————————————- 6. CONCLUSION ————————————————- The 21st  Century is yet to see the unfolding of The New Great Game. With every country in this surge for power taking its own route, it shall be interesting to see the unfolding of the events.Russia continues to exert its importance in the region in political and economic domains while planning to maintain its stronghold in its backyard. Iran is making waves through its trade routes and with Iran; Central Asia can see many lucrative trading and pipeline options available through them. On the other ha nd, it may difficult for Central Asia to tilt towards Iran without displeasing the world hegemony, US that maintains its military presence in the region. Furthermore, both Turkey and India are also vying for influence in the region. ———————————————— Though Pakistan may face a number of constraints and obstacles in fulfilling its dreams of being a prominent player in the New Great Game, it can devise a policy that may ensure better results for Pakistan, if not the best. And peace and prosperity of FATA due to its geographical location will be the dominant tier of that policy. Kashmir is life line of Pakistan on eastern borders and on western border geostrategic and geopolitical importance of FATA dictates the economic future of Pakistan.

Exploring Areas of Management Research at Educational Institution Essays

Exploring Areas of Management Research at Educational Institution Essays Exploring Areas of Management Research at Educational Institution Essay Exploring Areas of Management Research at Educational Institution Essay  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 EXPLORING AREAS OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION Vaishali Patil Asst. Professor JSPM’s Kautilya Institute of Management Research Wagholi, Pune India Sumati Sidharth Asst. Professor JSPM’s Kautilya Institute of Management Research Wagholi, Pune. India ABSTRACT There has been a tremendous change in the perspective for â€Å"Management Research† in recent years. But too little efforts had been given to explore the new areas where management research will be helpful. Management Research is about searching systematically for solutions to management problems. There are a number of areas where management research can act as a boon and can help us do better work in the related area. Commonly research topics are selected focusing on the organizations perspective, related to the issues or problems which arise in organizations. The purpose of this paper is to explore new areas where management research will be helpful and focus on the issues where management research can make things better. A thought is given to the areas where â€Å"Management† is a new word; involving new concept of management to such areas can help do things in a better manner. Exploring new areas will also help the researcher to work in a variety of field and discover new ways to help the organization to focus on the issues and constructively work on it. A case study of educational institution has been suitably presented in this paper. Keywords: Management Research, Managerial Aanticipation, Academic Culture  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 70  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies INTRODUCTION: ISSN – 2229-5674 Management research in today’s world in any organization is influenced by the society and economics and with rapid growth of global commerce; managers at all level need accurate and timely information, for managerial decision making. Whether the decisions made are technical, tactica l or strategic levels; good, accurate and timely information always leads to better decision. Gathering of information is done through a sound and scientific process i. e. management research. Every now and then organizations spend enormous amount of money for research and development in order to maintain their competitive edge. The research done helps the management or organization to plan different strategies to compete with challenging world. Thus accurate information is obtained through research and leads to enormous benefits of the organization. However with ever changing and challenging environment the problem or the issues related with the different areas and fields have grown in number and scope and complexity over the years, exploring different areas of management research will lead to success. Thus a sophisticated understanding of the various fields of management research can help individuals as well as organizations lead. OBJECTIVE OF EXPLORING AREAS OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: 1. Exploring areas of management research at educational institution provide a road map to get more information in the related field. 2. Exploring areas of management research at educational institution will help finding the different areas where improvements can be done at educational institution. 3. Exploring areas of management research will help understand the nature , influences and solutions for the different problems or issues which are raised or may raise in the organization. 4. Exploring areas of management research at educational institution can help achieving the goal by providing a better solution. CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives effectively and efficiently. Management comprises of planning, organizing, staffing, leading, directing and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. As organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action including design to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. Research can be defined as the search for knowledge or as any systematic investigation with an open mind to establish novel facts using scientific method. Thus Management Research can be defined as a form of systematic inquiry that contributes to the knowledge in the field of management. 1. APPLICATION OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: The topic of promoting and strengthening research activities within educational institution or management schools is familiar around the world today. The management research can help identify the needs to promote and strengthen the educational pattern and the research activities in the educational institution. This will also help understand the nature and scope of management research at educational  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. cholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 171  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 institution, the changing expectations from the management research, and the ever growing number of problems or issues before the educational institution. 1. 1 NATURE AND SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT RESAERCH AT EDUC ATIONAL INSTITUTION: Management can be defined as â€Å"the art and science of planning, organizing, directing, controlling and executing human efforts so as to make the best utilization of the available resources to achieve organizational objectives†. However there a various other facets of management which should be taken into consideration, like the need to identify and make available new forms of resources, the need to devise organizational system and practices to facilitate a collaborative spirit among a culturally diverse set of people, the need to evaluate and reform the existing organisations so as to make them more responsive to the new demands on them etc. The other issues at the workplace are the issues of leadership, organisational culture, skill up gradation, process innovation, future-orientation, rganisational renewal, risk management, selection and recruitment, virtual workplaces, relationship with customers, group decision support, changing environment of organisations, social responsibility of organisations, emerging global order guiding the evolution of technology, finance, and trade, and so forth. As far as educational institution are consider the management research can make a lot of difference in improving the working in the educational institution and also help in achieving the ultimate goal of educational institution i. e. better education. 1. EXPECTATION FROM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION The Educational world is becoming increasingly competitive due to rapid environmental changes and growing number of educational institution. Many educational institutions find it difficult to manage and sustain in today’s scenario and finally collapse. Management research is an important medium that facilitates improvement of leadership qualities and turns out excellent solutions to the problems. The educational institution main role is to help improve and enhance the existing skills while passing on competence and confidence to students with a good knowledge base. Young aspiring students in the educational institution expects to achieve a reputed degree (look for better education) to turn out to be survivors, the educational institution should be able to provide such education to the students so that they should be able to sustain themselves in an environment of intense competition, globalization and ever-evolving technologies. In fact, producing powerful and competitive individuals is the biggest challenge that educational institution worldwide face today. The management research will help explaining the different areas where educational institution can improve and achieve their goal of providing better education. 1. 3 PROBLEMS BEFORE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: History proves that with the progressing days the new problems emerges even before the old ones could be adequately resolved. Presently, India is placed the third largest higher education system in the world in terms of enrollment. With such a large system, in India education system is in an impoverished condition; the higher education system is not available to the people below poverty. Some common problems of the educational institution are: a. Availability: Though the education system has grown progressively in certain decades but the availability of faculty, funds and sometimes infrastructure is commonly noticed.  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 172  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 b. Changing ownership patterns: Educational institutions are being built up by public-private, private institutions have arrived as ‘high profit areas driven by shortages’. The demand pressures, in particular employment-oriented ones and have shifted the ownership structure of education. Also every now or then the Norms and Regulations keeps changing as per the Governments policy. c. Regional Disparity: Within individual states, the course has been for colleges to open in certain urban areas. For instance Maharashtra, a state where the capacity of higher education institutions is almost high, the combination of availability of certain courses in certain cities is clear cut. More than 50 government colleges in India are in urban centre and not a single one is in rural areas. The regional distinction is not only at a macro level, but also within regions in terms of quality and attention of the institutions. d. The differential nature of educational costs: Altered department is conducted by raising the costs in some areas of higher education. More employment-oriented are explore as an investment for future income generation. Courses that do not guarantee employment remain relatively cheap and this is where the country’s economic difference is reflected, especially in higher education. Increasingly, education which would accomplish future income is becoming available to those who can afford it. Also What motives teachers or faculties to work effectively? How to get productive work from them? Which work system promotes efficiency? How to resolve conflicts, if arises? How to attract students? How to improve decision making under uncertain circumstances? How to set long-term objectives? How to achieve sustainable superior performance over a long period of time? However the problems seem to have grown in number, scope and complexity over the years, one expects that the accumulation of information through management research will lead to general rise in the competence in recognizing and resolving the problems. Every academic institution needs an academically inspiring goal to work for. 2. EMERGING RESPONSIBILITY OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: Management became recognized as an area of stud, it is becoming clear that the subject is likely to involve multiple research epitomes. This is perhaps because no unique way has been found that could sufficiently characterize the complex reality associated with the activity (or phenomenon) called management and the role of research with respect to that reality. At one level, there is the concrete external reality of material, money, or manufacturing that could be objectively described. Observations on these could be compared and patterns could be identified, for example, the degree of operational flexibility associated with alternative manufacturing systems or the relationship between financial risk and return. At another level, there is the internal reality of human thought, emotion, behavior, mental models, or the so-called defense mechanisms. This aspect of managerial reality poses unique challenge to the research approaches that depend solely on objective data, i. e. , those obtained through classical observations. Researchers have made use of alternative forms of observation, e. . , participant observation (sometimes using observing participants), unobtrusive observation, etc. Some others have relied on reports (including self-reports) instead of observations. However, there are difficult methodological questions pertaining to the truthfulness and validity of such reports. At yet another level, there is the intermediate reality of social and organisational st ructures that simultaneously shape and are shaped by human behaviour. The methodological issues in studying such intermediate reality are still a major topic of academic debate in management. Although the above does not clarify what the key difficulties in management research are, it supports the position that management research is likely to be multi-paradigmatic in nature. Therefore, the most fundamental responsibility for management research is to allow the healthy flourishing of multiple research epitomes retaining the possibility of a constructive interaction among them.  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 173  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 Management researchers, in their zeal to make a useful contribution, sometimes arrogate to themselves the responsibility of improving practical situations through planned interventions. In certain circumstances this might constitute a type of colonisation of others’ work environment and their life-worlds. It is an responsibility of management research to respect the intentions and interests of those who are supposed to benefit from such research. Many research studies in management often conclude with a set of recommendations. However, researchers are not the only ones producing recommendations. There are other actors who produce recommendation as well, for example, politicians, spiritual leaders, public officials, family heads, and so forth. Of course a researcher might argue that research-based recommendations are superior to other recommendations because of the supporting data and theory. This leaves little space for the other actors to defend their recommendations. In a way, it silences them. This is being viewed as†violence in contemporary thought (e. g. , Lyotard’s notion of Differend ). The violence is particularly serious when the data, theory, and analyses of management research are known to be methodologically deficient in many ways. There is a responsibility for management research to ensure that others’ voices are not silenced in a violent manner. Popular management idea like TQM certainly have their merit but their propounders and advocates fall short of clarifying some of the basic things one needs to know in order to adopt or apply these in a self-conscious and critically-reflective manner. These include the background challenges, questions, problems, and thoughts that gave rise to such idea. Besides, the literature referring to these ideas does not clarify how a critical reader might compare these with the other ideas in management. For example, there is no systematic comparison between TQM and cybernetics or either of these with the idea of interactive management. Therefore, a serious reader (or student) might accept or reject these ideas without being able to explain the rationale behind that decision. What is more significant, a practitioner would not be able to interpret and learn from the experience of deploying these ideas. As a result of these (i. e. uncritical acceptance or rejection, inability to learn from the use of these ideas, etc. ) the ideas themselves are deprived of the necessary intellectual and empirical nourishment, which are nevertheless required to systematically enrich and improve them. It becomes a responsibility of management research to provide this intellectual and empirical nourishment. 2. EXPLORING MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: By distinguishing augme ntation here is a case study to show the possibility of shaping and presenting the individual efforts in a manner that the overall effect of work carries a unique import in some branches of management research. For exploring areas of management research at educational institution two basic factors can be considered i. e. (a) Managerial Anticipation (b) an Academic culture 3. 1 MANAGERIAL ANTICIPATION: Different issues need to be addressed in managing the future of any educational institution. The present environment of the educational institution is characterised by the following trends: (a) Lack of clarity about the Goals of educational institution in general: The notion of education is historically constructed and undergoes evolutionary as well as epochal revisions from time to time. The advent of the 21st century has perhaps fuelled the need for a major revision in the goals and methods of educational Institution. (b) Emergence of several alternative organisational arrangements: With the changing and challenging environment there is emergence of several alternatives for the provision of educational and research services. Examples of such alternatives include corporate universities corpu. com/, course accrediting universities (e. g. , the Wipro University programme in India), Web-based virtual universities http://vu. u-wien. ac. at/english/, global universities worlduniversity. org/,  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 174  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 knowledge ecologies knowledgeecology. com/, learning communities, etc. Many of these alternatives have emerged in the recent past after the Internet has made physical distances less important a nd educational interactions much faster and easier. c) Increasingly new and more complex challenges before the management profession: Those who study the sociology of professions recognise that the management profession is experiencing some kind of a structural readjustment. Two major social tendencies can be recognised immediately: the contraction (or downsizing) of the state apparatus in many societies and the simultaneous expansion of the range of activities of the corporate organisations. Both of these pose an ever-growing list of new challenges before the educational institution. There is a strange expectation among the educated elite in our country and somehow management research can provide the answers to the most vexing and the most intractable social and organisational questions of our times. (d) Process of unprejudiced occurring even in educational institution: Continuing with the above point many of the new models of educational institution emerging now have one feature in common: They tend to provide a direct link between those playing the roles of learner and teacher. This implies that the professional role of the academic is undergoing a transformation. e) Increasing scarcity of the appropriate mix of skills in higher education and research: As a corollary to the above, a new range of skills are becoming necessary for the professional academic. For example: the skills of designing Web-based educational resources, developing educational software, supporting the learner with information management, crafting new educational goals more relevant to the cu rrent reality, specialising on methodologies that build competence in client organisations, reducing the time required to convert useful data to research output, etc. . 2 Academic Culture: Educational institutions can run into corruption in the absence of an academic culture. They become affected by the confusion in the wider society instead of providing a meaningful direction and an inspiring leadership to it. Various non-academic criteria begin to dominate their operation. Several educational institutions in the region and in the whole country have fallen victim to such a process of impairment. I feel academic institutions can improve by paying attention to building academic culture. a) Comprehensiveness: One of the key difficulties in building an academic culture is that one does not know who might be in a position to contribute to it. Therefore, there is an advantage in maintaining an atmosphere of Comprehensiveness. This means that it should be welcoming to anyone interested in participating in it, irrespective of one’s history. However, contemporary institutional designs might require that the person should have demonstrated an interest and a capability to participate in an academic environment. This is difficult to judge. Therefore, we should provide various alternative ways and means through which one can still participate irrespective of one’s history of achievements. (b) Critical thinking: An academic culture is inconceivable without an ambience of critical thinking. An educational institution interested in developing such an ambience has to invent practices and forms of interaction, which promote critical thinking. A spirit of experimentation, an attitude of tolerance, a desire for responsiveness, and recognition of authenticity are necessary to develop such an ambience. c) Reflective practice: Any practice, academic practice included, requires an effort towards continuous improvement. The notion of reflective practice refers to a process by which people, engaged in some creative field of action, pay attention to their practice in a collective and self-reflective manner. In doing this, they study their own actions and their own thinking jointly and explore alternatives for the future. Such a process must be facilitated by an institution. (d) Support: Contemporary academic activity requires various kinds of support. Several educational institutions tend to assume carelessly that they already know what forms of support might be required.  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 175  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 Given the continuously changing nature of academic work in the contemporary world, there is a need to consider new forms of support and provide these as and when these become necessary. (e) Recognition: Like every practitioner, an academic also needs recognition for his or her contributions. Not only does it satisfy and inspire the individual academic, it also strengthens an environment in which mutual respect and appreciation is fostered. The process of giving credit for someone’s contribution also builds trust in a social environment. CONCLUDING REMARKS: The study helps understand the context within which the management research at educational institution can be done and help do things better. It focuses on describing the context by first focusing on the nature and scope of management research, the changing expectations from management research, and the ever-growing number of problems before the educational institutions. It also enlightens the various issues related with educational institutions. This paper will help open new avenues for further research work. REFERENCES: Kothari. C. R. ,Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, Dash D. P. Research in Management, www. google. com www. knowledgeecology. com www. worlduniversity. org www. hrd. org  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 176