Poetry and Worldly Wealth free essay sample

Andrew Lang describes the truth about money and what it meant to people in the 1800s and 1900s. He uses repetition to clearly explain his ideas. Lang believes that money could either be good or it could be evil, I guess it all depends in how you use it and appreciate it. The people in this poem are priests, soldiers, captains etc. The main idea is about how some and most people only do things for money. The â€Å"Ballad of Worldly Wealth,† is a depiction of how money can bring pride and corruption into our society. The form of this poem is a ballad. A ballads contents include 3 stanzas, at least 8 lines in each stanza, and a refrain (a repeated phrase at the end point of a poem) a refrain in example of the Ballad of Worldly Wealth is â€Å"Youth, and health, and Paradise† The author used artificial imagery to characterize money as both a staple in society, and as the icon of the worlds power and corruption. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry and Worldly Wealth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is several rhetoric patterns found in the poem. The rhyme pattern is an End rhyme. Poems with end rhyme are those whose last word of every line ends with a word that rhymes, for example: â€Å"While the tides shall ebb and (flow); Money maketh Evil (show)† Flow and show are two separate words, however both have rhyming sounds. Also displayed is parallel construction, a sentence, idea or clause that is presented with an opposing idea. In this statement, â€Å"Money moves the merchants all, While the tides shall ebb and flow; Money maketh Evil show, Like the Good, and Truth like lies† it can be seen that the opposition is of that money is what makes the world go round. However money also creates greed, and makes the people see the money as a good thing, when really its all a lie.

How to Use Your Anger to Make a Difference

How to Use Your Anger to Make a Difference I grew up thinking anger was bad. If I ever got angry, my parents would send me to my room and close the door, instructing me not to  come out until I had calmed down. I fairly quickly learned not to express my anger directly. As an adult, I found myself getting angry easily at little things. I would yell at tech support people, but never at people I actually cared about. Sometimes I would express my rage in dreams, waking up feeling somehow cleansed. I often  doubted my sanity because I felt angry so much of the time but did not know how to use it to any advantage. Productive Anger In more recent years, I have learned to express my anger more productively, and my previously pent up anger does not have much power. I’m discovering  that most people can handle it when I express my anger to them! Not a single one  of them has â€Å"sent me to my room.† In fact, many people take action when I express my anger that they might not have taken otherwise. They actually want to satisfy me! Anger can be fuel for a project or a cause. It can lead to career and business success. It can be channeled into creative endeavors or physical challenges. And it can make a difference in relationships. Anger Can Equal Caring This week, I expressed my anger to a friend over the way he was not fighting for himself, and he had a huge revelation about his life and how he can choose a different way of acting and being. I’ve heard it said that anger means you care. We are so quick to express anger to a child who starts crossing the street dangerously – we want to protect that child. But we often hold back when an adult is heading down a destructive path. A scene in the movie Good Will Hunting epitomizes the use of anger to take a stand and make a difference for someone you care about when the person is not fulfilling his or her potential: This is how I want to be with the people in my life. I want to care so much that I will threaten harm if they do not live big. I want to care so much that I order them to get their lives moving in the right direction, even if it’s at my own expense. Who do you know who could be doing more with their lives? Their creativity? Their relationships? Their careers? Are you willing to step up and fight for them so they are inspired to fight for themselves? I hope Ben Affleck gives you the kick in the butt you need.

Bartering system

Bartering system SHOULD ALL THE COUNTRIES HAVE ONE GLOBAL ECONOMY? As we all are well aware that before the money was minted, people followed â€Å"BARTERING SYSTEM†. Slowly, it evolved into the principles of buying and selling with money. As time passed, the world faced Imperialism, where the countries started conquering other countries as their colonies and made them as a source for raw materials. After World War II the Imperialismcame to an end, and a new era of economies emerged. These economies are Capitalism, Socialism and Mixed Economy, and altogether these economies are known as â€Å"GLOBAL ECONOMIES†. Today all the countries of the world are slowly opting to have a global economy. Even though, many countries oppose to adopt one global economy because of its negative impacts on the developing and third world nations, it is obvious that it has shown clear positive effects shifting the economic activities into profitable situations. Besides several criticising allegations agains t having one global economy, yet it still has its good effects in the areas such as all round development of the nation, Unity among nations and increasing political awareness among the countries. The main claim of many countries is that global economy leads to financial exploitation of a country. This criticism is mainly based on the premise that adopting a global economy can destroy the regional economy by means of financial exploitation and financial inequalities. On the contrary, the country which adopts global economy will benefit from equal development and equal distribution of wealth among the countries. Most of the economists of the world agree that having a global economy, the countries will be developed equally. According to a webpage article from economy watch, (nd) states that, â€Å"global economy can have the increasing opportunities of the economies in large scale and by opening up of the economy, the industrial sector will be benefited by achieving cheap labour, c apital and technology.† For example: if one country is self sufficient with the financial resources, then that country can help another developing country in attaining financial resources and free from financial debts and hence there is less scope for financial exploitation. It increases the employment opportunities in large scale and small scale industries. Global economy also helps in transferring sophisticated technology from the developed countries to the developing countries in the fields of agricultural sector to service sector. It also helps in having constant level in the balance of trade among all the countries, which also plays a vital role in increasing the national income and overall development as a whole. Another important claim is that global economy results in instability of unity among the people of the country. This negotiations are mainly depends on the facts on having global economy which exploits the individual economies in the form of inequality, social and cultural differences which result in wars. Yet, most of the countries accept to adopt global economy which will be benefited by equality, social and cultural dialogues. Most of the people agree the conclusion that by adopting the global economy, there will be less scope for wars and unity will be prevailed among the countries. A global economy would also help in promoting international cooperation and peace. If countries are dependent upon one another’s economic success then armed conflict would be less likely. According to businesspme, (nd) â€Å"Both India and Pakistan possess nuclear warheads and they are often in wars over land and territory such as the Kashmir issue. It is likely that these two countries will not use nuclear warheads for against each other. Otherwise it would be complete destruction and leads to the financial crisis†.It also helps in improving good relations and exchange of cultural activities and benefits of the country. It also helps in deve loping bilingual relations between the countries and unity among the people and nations in the form of equality, social and cultural diversity.

Article Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article Summary - Essay Example The bank not just possesses the financial might but also has a brilliant team of experts who have defined bank’s policies from time to time. Nobel laureate like Joseph Stiglit and prominent economists like Lawrence Summers have added to the intellectual capital of the bank. In spite of the major role played by the bank in global development, it’s financial might and the intellectual assets; the bank has been criticized by the Right wing as well as the Left wing for it’s functioning and this criticism is aimed at not just restricting the activities of the bank but has practically challenged the very existence of the bank. Revenue model of the bank involves selling bonds to investors in rich countries and receiving grants for raising the capital. While lending and soft lending to developing and underdeveloped countries complete the revenue model. In 1996, the bank acknowledged that some of the parts of soft lending were unrecoverable. Left wing wanted these debts to be written off by converting them to grants. Twice, in 1996 and 1999 the bank has ceded to these demands and partly written off the loans. However, there is another demand for completely writing off loans of 33 Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCS). It is notable that some countries like Philippines and China have achieved growth from these soft loans and are yet to repay those loans. Writing-off such loans would mean big loss to the bank and reduced resources for future lending. In the past, bad debts of the World Bank had been compensated by the aid from rich countries. Britain still favors the same model. However, the US wants all the debts to be converted into grants. Under the US pressure, the soft loan fund is being converted into grant fund since 2003 and it is forecasted that by 2035, this fund will be reduced to just 10% of its present size. With no new support coming from the rich countries, this

Developing a loyalty program for the online grocery business Assignment

Developing a loyalty program for the online grocery business - Assignment Example A primary study was conducted that refuted much of the psycho-social dimensions associated with loyalty studies. Findings indicated that the primary motivator for enrolment in loyalty programs was price, with no mention of psycho-social characteristics and implications. As such, recommendations founded on the research include rejection of tiered loyalty programs, targeting only relationship-centric promotions to the older consumer demographic, and using short-term pricing incentives. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................ 1.1 Aim............................................................................................................. 1.2 Scope......................................................................................................... 2.0 Literature review........................................................................................ 2.1 The benefit of loyalty programs. ................................................................ ... ............................................................ 4.2 Relating results to theory............................................................................ 5.0 Conclusion.................................................................................................. 6.0 Recommendations...................................................................................... 7.0 References.................................................................................................. Consultant Report 1.0 Introduction This report provides consultant advice on the potential opportunities of implementing a customer loyalty program for the online grocer. Loyalty programs, in some industries, have a direct correlation to repurchase intention that is supported by research studies on the phenomenon of the linkages between consumer behaviour and their utilisation patterns associated with loyalty schemes. There are many implications for the issuer of the loyalty program, both adva ntageous and unfavourable, that include cost and management problems, abandonment strategies in the event of scheme failure, and the ability of the program to alter consumption behaviour. 1.1 Aim The aim of the study is to understand the theoretical versus practice-based underpinnings of loyalty schemes and their relationship to potentially coercing increased repurchase intention with desirable target markets and improving business profitability. 1.2 Scope To fully comprehend the potential success opportunities for launching a loyalty program for the online grocer, the report utilised a blend of secondary research on the phenomenon of consumer loyalty, consumer behaviour, plus control and management of loyalty schemes. Supplementing the aforementioned theory are findings from a primary

Functionalist, conflict and the integrationist theories of education Essay Example for Free

Functionalist, conflict and the integrationist theories of education Essay The functionalist theory looks more into the ways that universal education serves the needs of the society. On the other hand, the conflict theory focuses on the function of education as perpetuating inequality on the social aspect of life and boosting the power of those who are dominant within the society. The interactionist’s theory limits its analysis on education to what happens directly in a classroom setup, as it looks into the teacher’s expectation from the learner and how it affects the learner’s performance, attitude and perception (Rappa 1976). The relationship of each theory to education Functionalist theory; According to this theory, the latent role of education is that it brings people together. In other words it enhances socialization within the society among the different people from diverse cultures, languages, color, age and interests. Through the interactions, people get to learn from one another through the exchange of ideas and views regarding different areas of discussion. The other role of education is that it plays the role of passing down core values and social control within the society. Read more:Â  Functionalist Perspective on Social Institutions The conflict theory experts further insist on getting rid of modern exams, as according to them all tests contain a knowledge base which is always culturally sensitive. On the other hand, the Conflict theorists look at education not as a social benefit or opportunity, but as a powerful means of maintaining power structures and creating a docile work force for capitalism. The interactionists’ theory is relative to education in the sense that a teacher has more influence on the students within a classroom set up; therefore the performance of a student is majorly based on the teacher judgment and effort (Brubacher 1962) The perspective of each theory The functionalists see education as a means of transmitting or perpetuating the core educational values from one generation to another. Additionally, they consider education as an important factor in separating the learners putting the basis of this distinction as merit. The conflict theorists on the other hand see the educational system as perpetuating the status quo by dulling the lower classes into being obedient workers to the higher classes. The interactionists on the other hand, focus on the influence of the expectations of the teacher on the learner’s performance (Rappa 1976) Expectations of education from each theory The functionalists expect that universal education should serve the society by unifying the people within a society, and helping in transmitting the core values of the society. The conflict theorists expect that education will maintain inequality within the society, by preserving the power of those who are dominating the society. The interactionists’ expectations are that the teacher’s anticipation from the students should have an impact on their performance, regardless of its positive or negative nature (Rappa 1976). Comparison The functionalist and conflict theorists concur on that education is a tool to be used for sorting out the different learners. Further, the functionalists argue that schools sort students based on merit, while the conflict theorists argue that schools sort out students along class and tribal lines (Schon, 1983). The conflict theory puts more focus on competition between groups, while the functionalist theorists focus on balance and stability within a social system. Additionally, conflict theorists focus on society as made up of social relations characterized by inequality and change. Functionalism perceives the society as a complex phenomenon or system of interrelated parts working together to maintain the desired stability (Brubacher 1962) Analysis of personal selected philosophy and philosopher Aristotle; His philosophy is education for producing quality citizens who are virtuous. He further put consideration on human nature, habit and reason as the vital forces to be expected from and through education. For instance, he considered repetition to be a key tool towards the development of good habits; from the teacher’s systematic guidance of the different students (Schon, 1983). Aristotle put more weight on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of the subjects taught. Additionally, he argues that the explicitly important subjects include reading, writing and mathematics. Based on the discussion, it can thus be considered that Aristotle’s thinking fits into the ideas of the functionalist theory (Rappa 1976). Conclusion Having discussed the different educational theories, it can be argued that these educational theoretical models are paramount as far as education is concerned, as they bring about an understanding of how different people perceive education. Further, it is through these differences that different people come together and reason towards reaching a solid conclusion, which contributes to an advancement in the field of education because trough discussions new ideas are established. Additionally, these theories help the members of society realize diversity in their thinking and perception of things. References Brubacher, S. (1962). Modem Philosophies of Education. New York: Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Pg 114 Rappa, S. (1976). Education in a Free Society: An American History. Philadelphia: David McKay Company Inc. pp 59 Schon, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner. New York: Basic Books.

The Character of Daisy in Henry James Daisy Miller Essay -- Henry Jam

        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the purpose of Daisy in the novel Daisy Miller by Henry James?   Why did James create such a beguiling and bewildering character?   Since the publication of James's novel in 1878, Daisy has worn several labels, among them "flirt," "innocent," and "American Girl."   Daisy's representation of an American Girl of the late 19th century is evident.   Her free-spiritedness and individuality reflect the social movement of the American middle-class.   The question of Daisy's innocence, however, remains unanswered.   One of the most interesting aspects about Daisy is her distance from the reader.   The reader is not given access to Daisy's inner thoughts or emotions.   Instead, the reader must observe Daisy through the limited perception of her would-be lover, Frederick Winterbourne.   Although Daisy's psyche is a mystery, her relationship with Winterbourne reveals her true purpose in the novel.   Daisy is a failed catalyst, or an agent of cha nge.   She offers Winterbourne spontaneity, freedom and love.   In other words, through daisy, Winterbourne has an opportunity to change.    But Winterbourne rejects her and thus Daisy fails as a catalyst.   Ironically, by rejecting Daisy, Winterbourne fails himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One way in with Daisy fails as an agent of change is that she is a member of the newly rich American middle-class.   Winterbourne, however, is a member of the Europeanized American class who are, as Ian F. A. Bell notes, "only slightly less 'nouveau' (newly rich) than the mercantilist Millers" (Reeve 23).   These Europeanized Americans, aptly represented by Winterbourne's aunt, reject Daisy and her family because they want to retain their higher position on the social ladder.   Ironically, Daisy Miller may have been accepted ... ...ublishers, 1990. Graham, Kenneth.   Henry James:   A Literary Life.    Houndsmills, England:   MacMillan Press Ltd. , 1995. Hocks, Richard A.   Henry James:   A Study of the Short Fiction.   Twayne's Studies in Short Fiction.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1990. James, Henry.   Daisy Miller:   A Study.   The Heath Anthology of American Literature.   3rd ed. Vol. 2 Eds. Paul Lauter and Richard Yarborough.    Boston:   Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998.  Ã‚   452-92. 2 vols. Pollak, Vivian R., ed.   New Essays on Daisy Miller and The Turn of the Screw.   The American Novel Series.   New York:  Ã‚   Cambridge University Press, 1993. Reeve, N. H., ed.   Henry James:   The Shorter Fiction.    Houndsmills, England:   MacMillan Press Ltd., 1997. Scheiber, Andrew J.   "Embedded Narrations of Science and Culture in James's Daisy Miller."   College Literature 21.2   (1994):   75-88.

Elektrobit Corporation Essay

Which of recommendations listed in the Manager’s Toolbox were used by Elektrobit Corp? Explain. Below shows some of recommendations of Manager’s Toolbox were used by Elektrobit Corporation :- (i) Elektrobit has recent arrivals to an area share their experiences with newcomers. To inform to the newcomers about what we experienced during all programmes in Elektrobit Corporation. Newcomers can judges companies achievement based on that experiences that we told to them. From there, we can persude newcomers to join us. Therefore, we can enlarge our business. (ii) Elektrobit employees who accept an international assignment have to sign a contract before they leave that spells out their pay, length of stay, and other details of what is expectedof them. To prevent the occurrence of fraud and breach of trust in the company. By signing contract, we can refer to the agreement if any problems stated on above is occur. Therefore, newcomers in the organization will be more diciplined in doing anytypes work given. So, this contract will be a good guidance in their organization and the company will have a good management. (iii) Elektrobit moves an average of 10 people a year between its global offices, spending about 10,000 annually for each of them on relocation expenses, housing for the employee, and any family that go along. The company make sure employees have whatever they need to start working efficiently on arrival. But it also tries to help them settle into their everyday lives outside work. This can prove that the Elektrobit Corporation is very concerned about the welfare of their workers.

Geographical Importance of Fata

GEOGRAPHICAL IMPORTANCE OF FATA 1. INTRODUCTION The spectacular land in which the Pathans live has had a major effect on their history and their way of life. — J. W. Spain Geography has a significant  position  in making of a nation’s fortune; either in the shape of geo-politics or geo-economics. It can shower blessings or bring curse to the residents of the locality as one can’t change the geography.It is well said that a state’s political system, economic  structure, judicial organization, demographic size and relations with other states can change according to the needs and aspirations of the people but one thing remains constant, and that is â€Å"geography†. If one cannot change the geography of a region but at least can mould its contours. It means that the method of handling is important to invite the blessings or curse of a region’s geographical  location. To testify the above, FATA presents an excellent example. FATA is situa ted on the North-Western side of Pakistan bordering with  Afghanistan.Since the ancient times, FATA has been a testing-ground of the empires’ ambitions to fulfill. Alexander the Great, Chengiz Khan, Taimur the lame, the Mughals, the Turks and the British Empire have touched the Pakistan’s Tribal Lands to pursue their adventures. All of these  political campaigns  have left long-lasting impacts on the fate of tribal people. The land has seen Great Game between the Russian and British Empires in the last two centuries and also a race between the two super powers (US & USSR) in the Cold War era.Now FATA is experiencing another ill-fated adventure of â€Å"War on Terrorism†. The status of FATA and its proximity to Pakistan Afghan border are a serious challenge for Pakistan on a number of levels. Historically, along Afghanistan it has been an arena for imperial competition, a battle ground and a definite invasion route. The area had been a launch pad for the ex ercise of influence in Kashmir, Sub-Continent and Afghanistan. Recently it has been emerged as source of terrorist and criminal activity that threatens Pakistan’s national security.The region due to its geographical location has a geo political and economic significance as it is a potential trade route for economic development of the Central Asian states and for peace and prosperity in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Geo-Political Setting The North West Frontier is not only the frontier of India. It is an international frontier of the first importance from military point of view for the whole empire. Simon Commission The region which includes, â€Å"Afghanistan and the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa has perhaps seen more invasions in the course of history than any other country in the world.    During all this period the plains had been dominated by great powers, the hill tract and tribes continued to value and protect their independence. For centuries, tribal society has persisted in the F ATA, and remained open for numerous invaders out of those the most important are Alexander the Great (356 BC-310/309 BC), the Great Genghis Khan ( 1162 to1227), and Timur Lung (1336 to1405). The people of this region always defended their homeland against all sorts of external aggressions. Over the period of time, this response has made them passionately autonomous.With the exception of Aurangzeb Alamgir, other rulers followed a policy of conciliation desisting from all direct and indirect interference in the internal affairs of the area. In this paper the focus on FATA history will be from the era of British supremacy in the Sub-Continent till todate. 2. THE FATA REGION THROUGH AGES British Supremacy During early 19th century, the British had established their supremacy over the subcontinent except Balochistan, Sindh and the northwest tribal belt. It was the period when Russia was advancing southwards in Central Asia.The British Government in England was perturbed and thought it an â€Å"imminent threat to the security and tranquility† of the Indian Empire and asked the Government of India to checkmate them. Thus began British involvement with NWFP, its tribal belt and Afghanistan. First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-42) It was understood both in London and Calcutta, which was then the headquarters of the East India Company,  that the Amir of Afghanistan was entering into secret negotiations with Russia. Accordingly, in 1838, the Government of India declared war against Afghanistan.Since Ranjit Singh, the ruler of the Punjab would not give passage to the English army through his territory, Auckland, the British Governor-General of India, decided to dispatch his forces through Sindh. In 1839, the British-led Indian Army passed through Sindh and Balochistan and conquered Kandhar and Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan. During the winter of 1841-42, there was a mass uprising against foreign forces and the Indian army comprising twelve thousand soldiers left the city of Kabul along with their followers and marched eastward in the direction of Jalalabad for safety.The tribesmen gradually destroyed the entire Indian forces while on retreat. By January 1842, only one Dr. Brydon was able to reach Jalalabad to narrate the tragic story of the massacre of their comrades. â€Å"A large British-led army had not been wiped out so completely in living memory. † Owing to their terrible defeat in the First Anglo-Afghan War (1838-42) the British had realized that the task of ruling over the tribal territory in NWFP and Afghanistan was beyond their resources in India.Thus they followed the policy of â€Å"close door policy† and their interest in the affairs of the tribal area in NWFP and Afghanistan remained minimal. Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-79) There was a change in British policy after 1876. The encouragement due to increase of British resources owing to the conquest of Sindh (1843) and the Punjab (1849) as well as the concern am ong British strategists in England due to the advance of the Russian armies in Turkestan close to the borders of Afghanistan made them to review their policy. The policy of Disraeli who became the Prime Minister in U.K. in 1874 was to build a strategic line of defense against Russian advance in Central Asia. It was felt that sooner or later the British and the Russian forces would confront each other in Central Asia. This thinking led the British to increase their sphere of influence in Afghanistan. In 1878, when Amir Sher Ali of Afghanistan refused to allow an English envoy at Kabul, Lord Lytton declared war on 20th November 1878 and British troops invaded Afghanistan and Sher Ali ran away and later died. His son Yakub concluded the Treaty of Gandamak on 26 May 1879 agreeing to British terms.The war had encouraged the British to formally occupy most of the tribal belt. It included a permanent advance and control of the famous Khyber Pass but Kurram valley was occupied some years la ter. Withdrawal of British Forces from Durand Line In June 1897, the Waziristan tribes revolted against the British forces. This was followed by an attack by tribes of Malakand against the garrisons in the pass and in Chakdara. By August, Mohmands attacked at Shabqadr, and later Afridi and Orakzai attacked at Tirah and the Khybar post was lost by the British.The Samana forts were attacked and â€Å"the garrison in one case wiped out to a man. † Later Khyber was reoccupied and Khyber Rifles were re-established and new roads and more forts were built. To meet the situation Lord Curzon adopted a policy of â€Å"withdrawal and concentration†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwithdrawal from the advanced posts, employment of the tribal forces for the defense of  the tribal country, concentrations of British forces in British territory as the second line of defense and the improvement of the means of transport and communication.This policy continued up to 1919. Partition of Sub Continent In conjunct ion with the independence of Pakistan and India in 1947, the tribesmen as a whole expressed their popular will to join Pakistan. The tribes were assured a continuation of agreements between tribes and the British Government by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Since then no fundamental change in the administrative, judicial and political policies for the FATA has taken place. Soviet Invasion After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, the FATA came into the limelight.The influx of Afghan refugees, spread of militant culture, continuing civil war in Afghanistan and religious extremism leading to the rise of the Taliban did much to aggravate the situation. By and large it all contributed to an altered ethnic balance, weapons proliferation, inflow of narcotics, hindrance in developmental efforts, deteriorating law and order and de-sanctification of the international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. United States’ InvasionFollowing the United States (US) led invasio n in the Afghanistan in 2002, the tribal areas again came into focus when a large number of foreign militants were found taking refuge in these areas. Since then military operations carried out in the area have bought the lingering problem of the FATA and its integration issues with the national mainstream of Pakistan to the forefront. 3. ADMINISTRATIVE, POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL, EDUCATIONAL, JUDICIAL, AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE TRIBAL AREAS The Constitution of Pakistan introduced in 1973 is the main foundation on which the existing system of governance of the FATA, revolves.This law states that the Federal Government of Pakistan will be the only one to extend authority in the FATA, while the Province will extend their authority to ‘Provincially Administered Tribal Areas, making the FATA to be controlled by the central government. The President therefore is the only one who is in position to give directions to the Governor of a Province where that specific Tribal area is located, who shall under this article will follow the directions of the President. The FATA is divided into two administrative categories.First, the ‘protected areas’ which come directly under control of central government through political appointees/agents. They are vested with judicial powers as well. Second, the ‘non-protected’ areas those are governed through the local tribes indirectly. The troika of Jirga, Political Agent (PA) and FCR of 1901, blends making the administrative and judicial systems in tribal areas. The Governor in a province is the representative of the President of Pakistan, who acts on behalf of the Federal Government and administers the Tribal Areas through the FATA Secretariat.Agriculture forms a sizeable economic activity in the FATA, while the adoptions of age old agriculture systems have left the productivity of this important commodity for the local below subsistence level. Besides agriculture, the holding and growing of the livestock i s also an importance economical activity in the FATA. However due to the adoption of non-scientific methods of animal husbandry, desired output is not achieved. A few areas in the FATA have timber and other forests.Deforestation, use of valuable timber as fuel, its smuggling to the Afghanistan and degradation of grazing lands due to continuous droughts has resulted in the loss of these income-earning opportunities. The tribal areas, thanks to their terrain configuration, are sought to possess vast deposits of numerous minerals. Because of inadequate geological surveys, the security environments in the FATA and tribal disputes over these perceived ‘minerals rich tracts of land,’ they have yet been explored.This situation has significantly affected the attention of private sector to draw their investment in these areas. The less number of schools, health care facilities, communication infrastructure and allied services do not support any major economic venture, keeping th e area economically underdeveloped. 4. AVAILABILITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN FATA Due to its geography, FATA should not be allowed to be used as a spring-board and launching-pad for the satisfaction of international politics’ stake-holders.Our leadership has to consider a parallel approach of geo-economics with geo-politics. This is a viable solution to improve the living standard in the Tribal belt. Although geo-economics approach is an evolutionary process and takes time, but it has capability to change the fate of the tribal people in the long run. Basic thing for this strategy to be useful in future is the restoration of peace in the region. Then an atmosphere can be created to develop infrastructure and finally to exploit the natural resources of FATA in a right direction.Oil and Gas Reserves Huge reservoirs of oil and gas have been explored in Khyber, North and South Waziristan Agencies. The Oil and Gas Development Corporation (OGDC) should start drilling in FATA, whileà ‚  numbers  of multinational companies have shown keen interest in this region for oil, gas and other minerals exploration. The foreign oil company, Tullow, has obtained a license for the exploration of the reservoirs of oil and gas in the North Waziristan Agency while the oil company of Ireland, MOL, has shown interest in the Khyber agency.Now a suitable environment, consistent effort, due attention and keen interest is needed to speed-up the process of development. In 1996, a British Petroleum Company indicated after a seismic survey that the oil and gas reserves of NWA have the success possibility of 1:3 while these possibilities in Middle East are 1:10. Lime Stone and Coal The geological surveys of 85 per cent of the tribal belt have revealed immense prospects of mineral exploration. Some of them have been already utilized but much yet to be extracted.This not only can engage the local youth with constructive and profit-making activities but can also attract the foreign invest ors which can ultimately be exported. Bajaur Agency has 130 million tons of lime stone reserves while Khyber Agency has 454 million tons of it. Orakzai Agency, Kurram Agency and North Waziristan Agency have 178 million tons reserves of high-level coal. Some work is underway there but is deeply hindered by the elements of militancy and military operations on one hand and lack of scientific know-how and use of modern technology on the other hand. Marble and GraniteThe mines of Marble and Granite are likely to have good potential for growth. And with huge reserves of eminently valued marble including white marble, are in abundance in Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber and NWA alone with a total of 570519 ton reserves. If this industry is given proper government attention and the project designed are properly implemented, they can provide job opportunities to several thousands of individual living here. Gem Stones Like Baluchistan which is hub for natural resources, FATA has also been kept aloof r egarding development for various known unknown reasons.Geologists have indicated that this region is also enriched in availability of venerated and semi venerated gem stones. Emerald and tourmaline are found in the north while garnet and quartz are found in South Waziristan and Bajaur. But due to lack of exploration their reserves have not been properly identified. Gold, Copper and Chromate FATA Development Authority (FDA) is of the view that huge deposits of various minerals like gold, copper, chromate and lot of others are available on 4707 square kilometer area of NWA.After digging 7000 meter deep the surface, the FDA experts reach to conclusion that 36,000 million tons of copper is available in just 16 kilometer area of NWA Boya Shinkai spot. FDA has tested 37,000 samples of natural resources in laboratories. Current price of one ton copper is seven thousand dollars in international market and mountains of NWA have deposits of billions dollars hidden in just 16 kilometer area wh ich if explored can change the fate of most deprived inhabitants of this war ravaged area as well as bring economic stability in country.Natural Forests The natural forests and fruits is a wealth in this regard. Forest area is decreasing day by day by ruthless cutting where there is not an effective law to prevent the practice. Fruit production is also affected because of insurgency, military operations and lack of a permanent water supply. The local people are digging out these minerals by using dangerous means like blasting, on one hand destroy large part of these reserves while on the other this activity inflict irreparable damage to eco-system of the area.No proper, planned and modern system is being used to explore these mineral resources as the Government is still showing no interest in exploration because no industries were set up in the area for raw material as the situation is not favorable for it. The availability of such huge reserves can contribute a lot in economic matu ration of the country. Proper government assistance will not only help the locals regain jobs but would also help in restoring peace and stability.But, extremism and militancy have brought already poor economic and trade activities of the Agency to a standstill, while many traders and businessmen have migrated to other parts of the country because of the fear of being kidnapped for ransom or killed by unknown armed groups. 5. GEOGRAPHICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE TRIBAL AREAS AND GREAT GAME Besides being the one of the most important areas of Pakistan because of its strategic location in proximity with Afghanistan, tribal areas are also one of the most sensitive areas of the World.The War on Terror has further enhanced the importance of the tribal areas significantly. The Tribal Areas have the strategic importance, as these areas can play a significant role of a buffer zone between the turbulent Afghanistan and Pakistan. Of late this importance has been further highlighted in global geopol itics because tribal areas lie between the warm waters of Arabian Sea and the Central Asian countries i. e. Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan etc, which have a very large oil and gas potential.The Central Asian states being land locked, the energy wealth has to be exported by pipelines passing through these areas to Arabian Sea Ports for onward distribution to the world. As the energy control is a key to the global supremacy, the 21sl century power game is destined to be played by the major powers around the potential producers and pipeline routes. Thus the tribal areas located on the rim of Afghanistan border with Pakistan, cannot remain immune to the spill over effects of any socioeconomic or political storms occurring in this strategic triangle. ———————————————— —————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- The New Great Game ————————————————- Whereas the Old Great Game emerged out of strengthening of the Russian empire; the New Great Game arose with its demise. The severe reduction of the stern control Russia had maintained in the region, through the Soviet Union, lead to a power vacuum in the region. Since the independence of the Central Asian states, all the players of the New Great Game are competing to garner individual control and fill this emptiness.The countries that together comprise of Central Asia today include Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. The region as a whole has historically suffered foreign domination, initially under the Ottoman Empire, and most recently being part of the Soviet Regime with Russia pulling the strings. ——————†”—————————- Furthermore, to confirm this conception of a New Great Game, one only needs to look at the reasons that have contributed to the world turning its attention to this region of the globe.The Central Asian Republics derive their importance through two major factors. The region on the whole has continued to have geostrategic value, not only due to its location at the center of the Eurasian landmass, but also due to the political significance of the countries that border Central Asia. Secondly, and possibly a lot more significantly, the region now also has massive economic implications for the whole world. ————————————————- ————————————————- Economic Worth of Central Asian Countries —â €”——————————————-Central Asia, comprising of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and the energy-rich lake called the Caspian Sea, owes its significance to its vast economic potential and its geo-strategic location and is fast becoming an economic center of the world. The region has a strategic location at the crossroads of Asia, Europe, the Persian Gulf, the Middle East, and the Far East; surrounded by some of the fastest growing economies in the world including China, Russia and India who are not only investing in the region but are competing for the leading role.From 2000 to 2009, foreign direct investment flows into Central Asia increased nine folds; while the region’s gross domestic product grew on average by 8. 2% annually. ———————————————â⠂¬â€- The most well endowed state in the Caspian region is Kazakhstan; ranked 6th  in the world in terms of natural resource reserves. Out of 110 elements of the periodic table, 99 were discovered in the bowels of Kazakhstan including oil, gas, uranium, zinc, tungsten, bohrium, silver, lead, chromites, copper, fluorides, molybdenum and gold.Moreover, it has proven oil reserves of 30 billion barrels, highest in the region followed by Azerbaijan which has 7 billion barrels. Turkmenistan has the world’s 4th largest gas reserves at 7. 5 trillion cubic meters while Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan follow close with 2. 41 trillion and 1. 84 trillion cubic meters respectively. Thus, collectively the Caspian region contains about 46 per cent of the world gas resources. ————————————————- ———————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Pakistan as Player in the New Great Game ————————————————-Central Asian region is so important for world politics, the various players involved in this New Great Game are trying to gain a stronger foothold in the area. The six players broadly involved in the game, include the United States, Russia, China, Iran, Turkey, India, and of course Pakistan. The immense interest of Pakistan in the Central Asia Republics stemmed from the economic, geo-strategic, and political benefits these countries could provide to this struggling nation. Trade relations with these landlocked countries had the potential to be the sole solution for Pakistan’s economic problems.With the CARS having an annual potential market of $80 billion, Pakistan could exploit this untapped market to its advantage and improve its balance of payments. Along with cheaper imports, Pakistan could also benefit from transit income, by providing access through the Karakoram Highway, to its neighboring industrial giants: India and China. Similarly, keeping in mind the historical importance of this resource rich region, Pakistan could foresee the centre stage it could acquire in the energy war of the New Great Game by providing the shortest route for the Central Asian counties via Gwadar to the Arabian Sea.This would help Pakistan fulfill its long term energy needs, through projects such as the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) oil and gas pipeline. The 1735 km pipeline faces security challenges because it must cross Afghanistan and FATA. It is estimated to carry one trillion cubic m of gas over a 30 years period, or 33 billion cubic m a year. Furthermore, Pakistan’s electricity needs that are huge burden on its economic life could easily be lifted by access to abundant Kyrgyz hydroelectric power.Thus, favorable trade relations with th e region could result in a significant uplift of Pakistan’s strained economy. ————————————————- ————————————————- 6. CONCLUSION ————————————————- The 21st  Century is yet to see the unfolding of The New Great Game. With every country in this surge for power taking its own route, it shall be interesting to see the unfolding of the events.Russia continues to exert its importance in the region in political and economic domains while planning to maintain its stronghold in its backyard. Iran is making waves through its trade routes and with Iran; Central Asia can see many lucrative trading and pipeline options available through them. On the other ha nd, it may difficult for Central Asia to tilt towards Iran without displeasing the world hegemony, US that maintains its military presence in the region. Furthermore, both Turkey and India are also vying for influence in the region. ———————————————— Though Pakistan may face a number of constraints and obstacles in fulfilling its dreams of being a prominent player in the New Great Game, it can devise a policy that may ensure better results for Pakistan, if not the best. And peace and prosperity of FATA due to its geographical location will be the dominant tier of that policy. Kashmir is life line of Pakistan on eastern borders and on western border geostrategic and geopolitical importance of FATA dictates the economic future of Pakistan.

Exploring Areas of Management Research at Educational Institution Essays

Exploring Areas of Management Research at Educational Institution Essays Exploring Areas of Management Research at Educational Institution Essay Exploring Areas of Management Research at Educational Institution Essay  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 EXPLORING AREAS OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION Vaishali Patil Asst. Professor JSPM’s Kautilya Institute of Management Research Wagholi, Pune India Sumati Sidharth Asst. Professor JSPM’s Kautilya Institute of Management Research Wagholi, Pune. India ABSTRACT There has been a tremendous change in the perspective for â€Å"Management Research† in recent years. But too little efforts had been given to explore the new areas where management research will be helpful. Management Research is about searching systematically for solutions to management problems. There are a number of areas where management research can act as a boon and can help us do better work in the related area. Commonly research topics are selected focusing on the organizations perspective, related to the issues or problems which arise in organizations. The purpose of this paper is to explore new areas where management research will be helpful and focus on the issues where management research can make things better. A thought is given to the areas where â€Å"Management† is a new word; involving new concept of management to such areas can help do things in a better manner. Exploring new areas will also help the researcher to work in a variety of field and discover new ways to help the organization to focus on the issues and constructively work on it. A case study of educational institution has been suitably presented in this paper. Keywords: Management Research, Managerial Aanticipation, Academic Culture  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 70  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies INTRODUCTION: ISSN – 2229-5674 Management research in today’s world in any organization is influenced by the society and economics and with rapid growth of global commerce; managers at all level need accurate and timely information, for managerial decision making. Whether the decisions made are technical, tactica l or strategic levels; good, accurate and timely information always leads to better decision. Gathering of information is done through a sound and scientific process i. e. management research. Every now and then organizations spend enormous amount of money for research and development in order to maintain their competitive edge. The research done helps the management or organization to plan different strategies to compete with challenging world. Thus accurate information is obtained through research and leads to enormous benefits of the organization. However with ever changing and challenging environment the problem or the issues related with the different areas and fields have grown in number and scope and complexity over the years, exploring different areas of management research will lead to success. Thus a sophisticated understanding of the various fields of management research can help individuals as well as organizations lead. OBJECTIVE OF EXPLORING AREAS OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: 1. Exploring areas of management research at educational institution provide a road map to get more information in the related field. 2. Exploring areas of management research at educational institution will help finding the different areas where improvements can be done at educational institution. 3. Exploring areas of management research will help understand the nature , influences and solutions for the different problems or issues which are raised or may raise in the organization. 4. Exploring areas of management research at educational institution can help achieving the goal by providing a better solution. CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives effectively and efficiently. Management comprises of planning, organizing, staffing, leading, directing and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. As organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action including design to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. Research can be defined as the search for knowledge or as any systematic investigation with an open mind to establish novel facts using scientific method. Thus Management Research can be defined as a form of systematic inquiry that contributes to the knowledge in the field of management. 1. APPLICATION OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: The topic of promoting and strengthening research activities within educational institution or management schools is familiar around the world today. The management research can help identify the needs to promote and strengthen the educational pattern and the research activities in the educational institution. This will also help understand the nature and scope of management research at educational  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. cholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 171  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 institution, the changing expectations from the management research, and the ever growing number of problems or issues before the educational institution. 1. 1 NATURE AND SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT RESAERCH AT EDUC ATIONAL INSTITUTION: Management can be defined as â€Å"the art and science of planning, organizing, directing, controlling and executing human efforts so as to make the best utilization of the available resources to achieve organizational objectives†. However there a various other facets of management which should be taken into consideration, like the need to identify and make available new forms of resources, the need to devise organizational system and practices to facilitate a collaborative spirit among a culturally diverse set of people, the need to evaluate and reform the existing organisations so as to make them more responsive to the new demands on them etc. The other issues at the workplace are the issues of leadership, organisational culture, skill up gradation, process innovation, future-orientation, rganisational renewal, risk management, selection and recruitment, virtual workplaces, relationship with customers, group decision support, changing environment of organisations, social responsibility of organisations, emerging global order guiding the evolution of technology, finance, and trade, and so forth. As far as educational institution are consider the management research can make a lot of difference in improving the working in the educational institution and also help in achieving the ultimate goal of educational institution i. e. better education. 1. EXPECTATION FROM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION The Educational world is becoming increasingly competitive due to rapid environmental changes and growing number of educational institution. Many educational institutions find it difficult to manage and sustain in today’s scenario and finally collapse. Management research is an important medium that facilitates improvement of leadership qualities and turns out excellent solutions to the problems. The educational institution main role is to help improve and enhance the existing skills while passing on competence and confidence to students with a good knowledge base. Young aspiring students in the educational institution expects to achieve a reputed degree (look for better education) to turn out to be survivors, the educational institution should be able to provide such education to the students so that they should be able to sustain themselves in an environment of intense competition, globalization and ever-evolving technologies. In fact, producing powerful and competitive individuals is the biggest challenge that educational institution worldwide face today. The management research will help explaining the different areas where educational institution can improve and achieve their goal of providing better education. 1. 3 PROBLEMS BEFORE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: History proves that with the progressing days the new problems emerges even before the old ones could be adequately resolved. Presently, India is placed the third largest higher education system in the world in terms of enrollment. With such a large system, in India education system is in an impoverished condition; the higher education system is not available to the people below poverty. Some common problems of the educational institution are: a. Availability: Though the education system has grown progressively in certain decades but the availability of faculty, funds and sometimes infrastructure is commonly noticed.  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 172  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 b. Changing ownership patterns: Educational institutions are being built up by public-private, private institutions have arrived as ‘high profit areas driven by shortages’. The demand pressures, in particular employment-oriented ones and have shifted the ownership structure of education. Also every now or then the Norms and Regulations keeps changing as per the Governments policy. c. Regional Disparity: Within individual states, the course has been for colleges to open in certain urban areas. For instance Maharashtra, a state where the capacity of higher education institutions is almost high, the combination of availability of certain courses in certain cities is clear cut. More than 50 government colleges in India are in urban centre and not a single one is in rural areas. The regional distinction is not only at a macro level, but also within regions in terms of quality and attention of the institutions. d. The differential nature of educational costs: Altered department is conducted by raising the costs in some areas of higher education. More employment-oriented are explore as an investment for future income generation. Courses that do not guarantee employment remain relatively cheap and this is where the country’s economic difference is reflected, especially in higher education. Increasingly, education which would accomplish future income is becoming available to those who can afford it. Also What motives teachers or faculties to work effectively? How to get productive work from them? Which work system promotes efficiency? How to resolve conflicts, if arises? How to attract students? How to improve decision making under uncertain circumstances? How to set long-term objectives? How to achieve sustainable superior performance over a long period of time? However the problems seem to have grown in number, scope and complexity over the years, one expects that the accumulation of information through management research will lead to general rise in the competence in recognizing and resolving the problems. Every academic institution needs an academically inspiring goal to work for. 2. EMERGING RESPONSIBILITY OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: Management became recognized as an area of stud, it is becoming clear that the subject is likely to involve multiple research epitomes. This is perhaps because no unique way has been found that could sufficiently characterize the complex reality associated with the activity (or phenomenon) called management and the role of research with respect to that reality. At one level, there is the concrete external reality of material, money, or manufacturing that could be objectively described. Observations on these could be compared and patterns could be identified, for example, the degree of operational flexibility associated with alternative manufacturing systems or the relationship between financial risk and return. At another level, there is the internal reality of human thought, emotion, behavior, mental models, or the so-called defense mechanisms. This aspect of managerial reality poses unique challenge to the research approaches that depend solely on objective data, i. e. , those obtained through classical observations. Researchers have made use of alternative forms of observation, e. . , participant observation (sometimes using observing participants), unobtrusive observation, etc. Some others have relied on reports (including self-reports) instead of observations. However, there are difficult methodological questions pertaining to the truthfulness and validity of such reports. At yet another level, there is the intermediate reality of social and organisational st ructures that simultaneously shape and are shaped by human behaviour. The methodological issues in studying such intermediate reality are still a major topic of academic debate in management. Although the above does not clarify what the key difficulties in management research are, it supports the position that management research is likely to be multi-paradigmatic in nature. Therefore, the most fundamental responsibility for management research is to allow the healthy flourishing of multiple research epitomes retaining the possibility of a constructive interaction among them.  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 173  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 Management researchers, in their zeal to make a useful contribution, sometimes arrogate to themselves the responsibility of improving practical situations through planned interventions. In certain circumstances this might constitute a type of colonisation of others’ work environment and their life-worlds. It is an responsibility of management research to respect the intentions and interests of those who are supposed to benefit from such research. Many research studies in management often conclude with a set of recommendations. However, researchers are not the only ones producing recommendations. There are other actors who produce recommendation as well, for example, politicians, spiritual leaders, public officials, family heads, and so forth. Of course a researcher might argue that research-based recommendations are superior to other recommendations because of the supporting data and theory. This leaves little space for the other actors to defend their recommendations. In a way, it silences them. This is being viewed as†violence in contemporary thought (e. g. , Lyotard’s notion of Differend ). The violence is particularly serious when the data, theory, and analyses of management research are known to be methodologically deficient in many ways. There is a responsibility for management research to ensure that others’ voices are not silenced in a violent manner. Popular management idea like TQM certainly have their merit but their propounders and advocates fall short of clarifying some of the basic things one needs to know in order to adopt or apply these in a self-conscious and critically-reflective manner. These include the background challenges, questions, problems, and thoughts that gave rise to such idea. Besides, the literature referring to these ideas does not clarify how a critical reader might compare these with the other ideas in management. For example, there is no systematic comparison between TQM and cybernetics or either of these with the idea of interactive management. Therefore, a serious reader (or student) might accept or reject these ideas without being able to explain the rationale behind that decision. What is more significant, a practitioner would not be able to interpret and learn from the experience of deploying these ideas. As a result of these (i. e. uncritical acceptance or rejection, inability to learn from the use of these ideas, etc. ) the ideas themselves are deprived of the necessary intellectual and empirical nourishment, which are nevertheless required to systematically enrich and improve them. It becomes a responsibility of management research to provide this intellectual and empirical nourishment. 2. EXPLORING MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: By distinguishing augme ntation here is a case study to show the possibility of shaping and presenting the individual efforts in a manner that the overall effect of work carries a unique import in some branches of management research. For exploring areas of management research at educational institution two basic factors can be considered i. e. (a) Managerial Anticipation (b) an Academic culture 3. 1 MANAGERIAL ANTICIPATION: Different issues need to be addressed in managing the future of any educational institution. The present environment of the educational institution is characterised by the following trends: (a) Lack of clarity about the Goals of educational institution in general: The notion of education is historically constructed and undergoes evolutionary as well as epochal revisions from time to time. The advent of the 21st century has perhaps fuelled the need for a major revision in the goals and methods of educational Institution. (b) Emergence of several alternative organisational arrangements: With the changing and challenging environment there is emergence of several alternatives for the provision of educational and research services. Examples of such alternatives include corporate universities corpu. com/, course accrediting universities (e. g. , the Wipro University programme in India), Web-based virtual universities http://vu. u-wien. ac. at/english/, global universities worlduniversity. org/,  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 174  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 knowledge ecologies knowledgeecology. com/, learning communities, etc. Many of these alternatives have emerged in the recent past after the Internet has made physical distances less important a nd educational interactions much faster and easier. c) Increasingly new and more complex challenges before the management profession: Those who study the sociology of professions recognise that the management profession is experiencing some kind of a structural readjustment. Two major social tendencies can be recognised immediately: the contraction (or downsizing) of the state apparatus in many societies and the simultaneous expansion of the range of activities of the corporate organisations. Both of these pose an ever-growing list of new challenges before the educational institution. There is a strange expectation among the educated elite in our country and somehow management research can provide the answers to the most vexing and the most intractable social and organisational questions of our times. (d) Process of unprejudiced occurring even in educational institution: Continuing with the above point many of the new models of educational institution emerging now have one feature in common: They tend to provide a direct link between those playing the roles of learner and teacher. This implies that the professional role of the academic is undergoing a transformation. e) Increasing scarcity of the appropriate mix of skills in higher education and research: As a corollary to the above, a new range of skills are becoming necessary for the professional academic. For example: the skills of designing Web-based educational resources, developing educational software, supporting the learner with information management, crafting new educational goals more relevant to the cu rrent reality, specialising on methodologies that build competence in client organisations, reducing the time required to convert useful data to research output, etc. . 2 Academic Culture: Educational institutions can run into corruption in the absence of an academic culture. They become affected by the confusion in the wider society instead of providing a meaningful direction and an inspiring leadership to it. Various non-academic criteria begin to dominate their operation. Several educational institutions in the region and in the whole country have fallen victim to such a process of impairment. I feel academic institutions can improve by paying attention to building academic culture. a) Comprehensiveness: One of the key difficulties in building an academic culture is that one does not know who might be in a position to contribute to it. Therefore, there is an advantage in maintaining an atmosphere of Comprehensiveness. This means that it should be welcoming to anyone interested in participating in it, irrespective of one’s history. However, contemporary institutional designs might require that the person should have demonstrated an interest and a capability to participate in an academic environment. This is difficult to judge. Therefore, we should provide various alternative ways and means through which one can still participate irrespective of one’s history of achievements. (b) Critical thinking: An academic culture is inconceivable without an ambience of critical thinking. An educational institution interested in developing such an ambience has to invent practices and forms of interaction, which promote critical thinking. A spirit of experimentation, an attitude of tolerance, a desire for responsiveness, and recognition of authenticity are necessary to develop such an ambience. c) Reflective practice: Any practice, academic practice included, requires an effort towards continuous improvement. The notion of reflective practice refers to a process by which people, engaged in some creative field of action, pay attention to their practice in a collective and self-reflective manner. In doing this, they study their own actions and their own thinking jointly and explore alternatives for the future. Such a process must be facilitated by an institution. (d) Support: Contemporary academic activity requires various kinds of support. Several educational institutions tend to assume carelessly that they already know what forms of support might be required.  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 175  ¦ Indian Journal of Commerce Management Studies ISSN – 2229-5674 Given the continuously changing nature of academic work in the contemporary world, there is a need to consider new forms of support and provide these as and when these become necessary. (e) Recognition: Like every practitioner, an academic also needs recognition for his or her contributions. Not only does it satisfy and inspire the individual academic, it also strengthens an environment in which mutual respect and appreciation is fostered. The process of giving credit for someone’s contribution also builds trust in a social environment. CONCLUDING REMARKS: The study helps understand the context within which the management research at educational institution can be done and help do things better. It focuses on describing the context by first focusing on the nature and scope of management research, the changing expectations from management research, and the ever-growing number of problems before the educational institutions. It also enlightens the various issues related with educational institutions. This paper will help open new avenues for further research work. REFERENCES: Kothari. C. R. ,Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, Dash D. P. Research in Management, www. google. com www. knowledgeecology. com www. worlduniversity. org www. hrd. org  ¦ Internationally Indexed Journal  ¦ www. scholarshub. net  ¦ Vol–II , Issue -3 March 2011  ¦ 176

Analysis of Strategic Leadership Qualities Needed In Modern Dissertation

Analysis of Strategic Leadership Qualities Needed In Modern Organisations - Dissertation Example So at times, the leader would have a coaching style while at other times there would be a commanding style. Kelly (2000) argues that while leaders are free to adopt styles as per the situation, however, the leader would have one dominant style that would force all interactions. Some even though a leader would shift between visionary styles or pace setting style, the leader would ultimately be following the dominant style. The gap in the literature is that the desired qualities in a leader are not apparent. The subject of strategic leadership in organisations has been discussed in a number of publications (Boal, 2000), (Crossan, 2008), (Daily, 2002). Strategic leadership is about the quality of leadership in providing a direction for a planned and strategic direction for the growth of a firm. The focus is on adopting a growth plan that has a fully reasoned and logically structured growth plan. A strategic leader would be planning the organisation activities. The leadership is predicti ve and this means that the actions taken by the organisation are planned to meet the stimulus from the market forces. The actions are not reactive in the sense that the organisation would not be pulled in all directions by the market forces. A strategic leader would play many roles, that of a friend, mentor, guide, disciple, critic, detractor and well-wisher. Crossan (2008) speaks of five features that strategic leader should demonstrate. It is assumed that a leader who manages these five qualities will have the ability to achieve the business objectives. The five lessons are creating organisation wealth, bringing in a culture of innovation, leveraging the present to focus on the future; leading teams with a vision and inspiration and relying more on personal charisma and... This essay stresses that Strategic leadership is about the quality of leadership in providing a direction for a planned and strategic direction for the growth of a firm. The focus is on adopting a growth plan that has a fully reasoned and logically structured growth plan. A strategic leader would be planning the organisation activities. The leadership is predictive and this means that the actions taken by the organisation are planned to meet the stimulus from the market forces. The actions are not reactive in the sense that the organisation would not be pulled in all directions by the market forces. A strategic leader would play many roles, that of a friend, mentor, guide, disciple, critic, detractor and well-wisher. This paper makes a conclusion that a combination of literature review and primary research will be used. For the primary research, a survey instrument will be designed and administered to top managers of medium and large organisations in UK. These leaders would be approached through the college department and the cooperation of the managers will be requested. Contact will be made by calling up personally and through emails. The replies will be assessed and the results analysed. The difficulties anticipated are that these managers would not be willing or have the time to cooperate. The author of this paper will persist in his efforts to elicit responses. Secondary research will be performed by reviewing peer reviewed Journals and books on strategic leadership.

Coopers Creek And The New Zealand Industry Essay

Coopers Creek And The New Zealand Industry - Essay Example Strategic capabilities are recognised as the most vital resources and competencies of an organization that will help it to prosper and survive in this competitive market in the coming era. With the help of these underlining resources, the reputation and productivity of the organization enhances its position in the market among other contenders. Moreover, these resources act as the backbone of an organization on the basis of which the net profit and revenues get enhanced significantly. So, these strategies are very important for any organization, irrespective of size and location (Reid, 195, pp. 357-378). The resources might be both tangible and intangible in nature and the skills as well as the competencies of the employees might also vary from one organization to another. But all of them are useful in enhancing the net output of the organization. Therefore, using VRIN analytical tool, the strategic capabilities of Coopers Creek might be evaluated. VRIN stands for value, rarity, in-i mitable and non-substitutable (Teece, 2009, p. 367-389). Analysis and Discussion Analysis of the external environment of Coopers Creek by Porter’s five forces modelThe industry of wine is extremely competitive due to the presence of numerous wine players. Since competition is quite evident, the power of buyers is extremely high in this industry as compared to others. The prime cause behind such competitiveness is that the customers are free to select any type of brand and so the rate of switch over cost is quite high in this industry. .... But all of them are useful in enhancing the net output of the organization. Therefore, using VRIN analytical tool, the strategic capabilities of Coopers Creek might be evaluated. VRIN stands for value, rarity, in-imitable and non-substitutable (Teece, 2009, p. 367-389). Analysis and Discussion Analysis of the external environment of Coopers Creek by Porter’s five forces model The industry of wine is extremely competitive due to the presence of numerous wine players. Since competition is quite evident, the power of buyers is extremely high in this industry as compared to others. The prime cause behind such competitiveness is that the customers are free to select any type of brand and so the rate of switch over cost is quite high in this industry. So, it is extremely difficult for any specific brand to retain the similar set of market value and share for a long run (Walder, 2013, p. 234-267). However, it might be possible to retain and maintain a sustaining pool of customers, on ly if the player tries to introduce innovative types of product lines with mind-blowing tastes and savours. This might help the market players to attract large number of customers towards its products thereby amplifying its brand image and equity in the market among others. Side by side, the reputation of that specific brand might also get enhanced among many other players. On the other hand, the prices of the products also play a vital role in this industry and so it needs to be adjusted according to the competitor prices so as to remain competitive in the market. Otherwise, the brand or the player might not be able to retain its brand value and profit margin among others. The power of the suppliers in this industry